Veterinární medicína - Latest articles

Long-term adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy in a dog with recurrent maxillofacial osteosarcoma

MJ Jung, KY Yoon, YM Kim, JS Lee, JW Choi, JH Kim, HY Yoon, JH Kim

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(5):225-230 | DOI: 10.17221/43/2022-VETMED  

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common malignant bone tumour in dogs; however, OSA of the maxilla is uncommon compared to appendicular OSA. Oral melanoma also commonly occurs in dogs with frequent distant metastasis. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy has been questioned in maxillary OSA and melanoma. A 17-year-old English Cocker Spaniel was referred with a growing mass on the right maxilla and a right lower lip mass. Osteosarcoma was diagnosed after partial maxillectomy, and the right lower lip mass was diagnosed as oral melanoma. Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) was performed, and the number of doses was tapered due to side effects at 5 weeks after...

Long-term exposure to polycyclic musk tonalide – A potential threat to juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)?

J Cahova, J Blahova, L Plhalova, P Marsalek, V Doubkova, M Hostovsky, L Divisova, J Mares, C Faggio, Z Svobodova

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(5):218-224 | DOI: 10.17221/40/2023-VETMED  

Polycyclic musk compounds are commonly used in personal care products to replace expensive natural fragrances. Due to their huge consumption, they have become a part of the aquatic environment. In the present study, a two-month exposure effect of tonalide on juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) was investigated. We determined the vitellogenin concentration to define the potential endocrine-disrupting effect of tonalide and also analysed selected indices to evaluate the induction of oxidative stress. The environmentally relevant concentration of tonalide (i.e., 500 ng/l) caused a significant decrease in the catalase activity (P < 0.05)...

Beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from shrimps and mussels in the Marmara Sea

B Celik, B Ergul, AI Kekec, B Halac, B Maslak, B Diren Sigirci, B Basaran Kahraman, AF Bagcigil, K Metiner, S Ak

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(5):208-217 | DOI: 10.17221/105/2022-VETMED  

The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of Escherichia coli in shrimps and mussels, and to determine the distribution of β-lactam, aminoglycoside, quinolone, and multi-drug resistance phenotypically and genotypically in E. coli isolates obtained from mussels and shrimps in Istanbul. Faecal samples were collected from mussels (n = 96) and shrimps (n = 96) from the Marmara Sea coastline and fish markets in Istanbul. For the detection of antibiotic susceptibilities, seven antibiotic groups were used. β-lactamase, aminoglycoside, and quinolone genes were also determined. A total of 34 (17.7%, 15 shrimps,...

In vitro evaluation of the composition and acaricidal efficacy of Urtica fissa leaf ethyl acetate extract against Sarcoptes scabiei mites

F Liao, T Bao, G Tao, Y Hu, C Han

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(5):200-207 | DOI: 10.17221/6/2023-VETMED  

In veterinary medicine, natural products provide an alternative to chemical agents for mite management. In the present study, the acaricidal efficacy of Urtica fissa leaf ethyl acetate extract against Sarcoptes scabiei mites was examined. The chemical composition of the extract was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The ethyl acetate extract was found to be extremely toxic to mites at a concentration of 100 mg/ml (m/v), killing all S. scabiei within two hours. The median lethal time (LT50) values for ethyl acetate extract concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml against S. scabiei were...

Antimicrobial properties of Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains for control of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains, diarrhoea cause in weaning pigs

Y Yoo, J Lee, J Cho, Y Yoon

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(5):191-199 | DOI: 10.17221/112/2022-VETMED  

This study aimed to use lactic acid bacteria isolated from piglet faeces to develop probiotics, allowing for the effective control of Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the faeces of suckling piglets and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, then examined for haemolysis; gelatinase activity; and resistance to acid, bile, and pancreatin. The antimicrobial activity of selected lactic acid bacteria isolates was examined for 8 E. coli and 7 Salmonella strains. One-hundred and sixty-four lactic acid bacteria isolates were identified from 118 piglet faecal samples, and 13 lactic acid bacteria...

Detection of Coxiella burnetii and characterisation by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis in bovine bulk tank milk samples

B Yanmaz, EK Ozgen

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(5):185-190 | DOI: 10.17221/87/2022-VETMED  

Coxiella burnetii is the aetiological agent of Q fever, which is highly prevalent in Turkiye, but information on the genetic profiles of the bacterium is limited. This study aimed to investigate the presence of C. burnetii in bovine bulk tank milk (BTM) samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to investigate the genotypes by means of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). A total of 25 markets that sold raw cow’s milk were analysed by conventional PCR analysis. An MLVA analysis was performed at six loci, namely MS23, MS24, MS27, MS28, MS33, and MS34, to determine the genotypic variations of C. burnetii...

Histopathology and indicators of borderline ovarian tumours with microinvasion in bitches

P Makovicky, P Bolgac, M Makovicka, K Kajo, Z Krchnikova, J Pokoradi, P Makovicky, Z Stanova, K Vaskova, K Rimarova

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(4):175-183 | DOI: 10.17221/103/2022-VETMED  

The authors present two cases of borderline ovarian tumours with microinvasion in bitches with variable clinical significance. The first case documents a four-year-old female Weimaraner diagnosed with a tumour on the right ovary during a veterinary check-up, using USG examination, which was then surgically removed. Histological examination revealed a clear cell borderline tumour of the ovary with microinvasion. The second case is represented by a necropsy sample from a 52-month-old female German shepherd which died a day before the planned hysterectomy due to undertreated pyometra. During necropsy, a developed form of bilateral ovarian tumour was found....

Mercury distribution in the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) from the Krogulna ponds and Nysa Kłodzka River (Poland)

K Novotna Kruzikova, Z Siroka, T Kral, P Hliwa, P Gomulka, A Spodniewska, Z Svobodova

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(4):164-174 | DOI: 10.17221/16/2023-VETMED  

Mercury belongs among the highly hazardous substances present in the environment and represents a great health risk for many animals including predatory and piscivorous birds. The aim of this study was to assess the total mercury content in the main detoxifying organs (liver and kidney) and in the muscles of adult great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) caught at two localities (the Krogulna ponds and the Nysa Kłodzka River) in southern Poland. The aim was to compare the locality with the iron ore mining history (the Krogulna ponds) with a site without such load (the Nysa Kłodzka River). The total mercury content in the great cormorants...

The effect of cold atmospheric plasma (NO) alone and in combination with NPH insulin on the full-thickness excisional wound healing in a diabetic rat model

A Curukoglu, GCA Gungor, G Akan, A Kukner, G Ogutcu, M Kalaycı, M Temizel, FE Ozgencil

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(4):152-163 | DOI: 10.17221/109/2022-VETMED  

This study was planned to investigate an alternative treatment modality in diabetic wound healing. In this experimental study, the efficacy of both cold atmospheric plasma/nitric oxide (NO) and NPH insulin ointment, recently known to have beneficial effects on wound healing, was investigated in diabetic wound healing. Twenty-four (24) diabetic rats were divided into four groups DC, DI, DNO and DINO (diabetic control, diabetic insulin, diabetic nitric oxide, diabetic insulin + nitric oxide groups). No treatment was applied to the DC group, NPH insulin was applied to the DI group, CAP/NO was applied to the DNO group, and CAP/NO + NPH insulin was applied...

Efficacy of the intranasal application of azaperone for sedation in weaned piglets

M Svoboda, J Blahova, J Jarkovsky, A Zacharda, S Hajkova, J Vanhara, J Vasek

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(4):145-151 | DOI: 10.17221/21/2023-VETMED  

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the intranasal and parenteral administration of azaperone in order to achieve pig sedation. A total of 32 weaned piglets divided into 4 groups (8 piglets in each group) were used. Group A was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with azaperone (Stresnil®, 40 mg/ml inj.; Elanco Animal Health) at a dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.). Group B received a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. of azaperone intranasally. Group C was given azaperone intranasally at a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. Group D was given 1 ml of saline intranasally and served...

Citalopram in vitro metabolism in a beagle dog: A role for CYP2D15 in the production of toxic didesmethylcitalopram?

B Rochat, E Paus, C Maitre, P Baumann

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(4):135-144 | DOI: 10.17221/65/2022-VETMED  

After administration of the serotonergic antidepressant citalopram (CIT) to beagle dogs, they may experience severe convulsive attacks in relation with considerably higher plasma concentrations of the metabolite didesmethyl-CIT (DDCIT), when compared to those in humans medicated with CIT. This pilot study aimed at determining the role of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isozymes in the in vitro metabolism of CIT to desmethyl-CIT (DCIT), and of DCIT to DDCIT in the liver microsomes of a single beagle dog. The incubations with racemic CIT or DCIT reveal a high affinity enzyme with Km between 0.3 µM and 1.4 µM for S- and R-DCIT and S- and R-DDCIT...

Malignant ovarian dysgerminoma in a 16-year-old leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)

H Zborilova, J Dietz, KO Heckers, R Dvorakova, Z Knotek, E Cermakova

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(3):129-134 | DOI: 10.17221/107/2022-VETMED  

The 16-year-old female leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) was presented with distended coelom and cachexia. Examination of the faecal sample ruled out the presence of protozoan parasites. A radiographic examination confirmed the presence of radiopaque foreign material in the intestine. The conservative treatment with tramadol, butylscopolamine, famotidine, vitamin B complex, and supportive fluid therapy with Hartmann solution and Duphalyte, was performed for 14 days. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of a large mass adherent to the liver (with hypoechoic regions), a thin-walled cystic structure close to the liver, and coelomic...

Serum biochemical reference interval determination in wild Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica)

M Ha, YD Suh, S Ahmed, DN Lee, JH Han, YK Kim, SC Yeon

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(3):122-128 | DOI: 10.17221/102/2022-VETMED  

Determining reference intervals (RI) is a valuable asset for assessing the health of wildlife species. This is the first study to establish serum biochemical RIs in Siberian weasels. Forty-two healthy free-ranging Siberian weasels were captured live and brought to Seoul Wildlife Center between June 2021 and August 2022. Blood samples from 42 healthy Siberian weasels of both sexes were used to calculate RIs. An automated analyser was used to perform serum biochemistry profiles. The American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology recommendations were used to calculate a nonparametric RI with 90% confidence intervals. The RIs of albumin, total protein,...

The impact of urine storage methods on the results of quantitative bacterial culture in dog and cat

CJ Lien, SL Wang

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(3):116-121 | DOI: 10.17221/111/2022-VETMED  

Quantitative bacterial culture (QBC) is the gold standard for determining urinary tract infections. However, the majority of urine samples were sent to a lab for further bacterial culture. Therefore, the storage condition was vital to maintain the quality and accuracy of the urine samples. The main objective of our study was to examine the urine QBC outcomes of (1) immediate culture, (2) culture after urine sample storage at ambient temperature for 24 h, and (3) culture after urine sample storage at 4 °C for 24 hours. There were 49 feline samples and 30 canine samples included in this study. All QBC samples kept at ambient temperature...

Development and application of a low-priced duplex quantitative PCR assay based on SYBR Green I for the simultaneous detection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine sapelovirus

SJ Lu, MY Ma, XG Yan, FJ Zhao, WY Hu, QW Ding, HJ Ren, YQ Xiang, LL Zheng

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(3):106-115 | DOI: 10.17221/79/2022-VETMED  

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine sapelovirus (PSV) are two viruses that can cause diarrhoea in pigs and bring great economic loss to the pig industry. In this research, a duplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on SYBR Green І was developed to simultaneously detect PDCoV and PSV. No specific melting peaks were found in other porcine diarrhoea-associated viruses, indicating that the method developed in this study had good specificity. The detection limits of PDCoV and PSV were 1.0 × 10¹ copies μl^–1 and 1.0 × 10² copies μl^–1, respectively....

Lingual morphology of domesticated Asian small-clawed otters in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

AK Anjani, GR Saragih, H Wihadmadyatami, DL Kusindarta

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(3):91-105 | DOI: 10.17221/62/2022-VETMED  

This study aimed to observe the lingual morphology of the domesticated Asian small-clawed otter, Aonyx cinereus (A. cinereus), from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Six domesticated A. cinereus adults were obtained from a local otter breeder in Yogyakarta, without regard to gender. The animals were acclimated to the laboratory for one day, followed by macroscopy identification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) analysis. Macroscopically, the tongue of domesticated A. cinereus is divided into three parts: the apex, corpus and radix. The apex is the shortest part and can move freely....

Adjuvant therapy with toceranib for hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma in a Pomeranian

L Choi, JY Choi, HY Yoon, K Bae, KA Yoon, JH Kim

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(2):83-89 | DOI: 10.17221/49/2022-VETMED  

A 10-year-old spayed female Pomeranian dog was referred for hepatic mass evaluation. Blood tests revealed mildly elevated alkaline phosphatase activities. Computed tomography revealed a mass with multiple nodules on the right hepatic medial lobe adjacent to the caudal vena cava; histopathology confirmed mixed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Because of incomplete resection, adjuvant therapy was recommended. As tumour cells showed PDGFR-α, c-Kit, and FGFR1 overexpression, the anticancer effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors was evaluated on the cells; toceranib was the most effective and...

Echocardiographic measurements and cardiac anatomy in healthy Western hognose snakes (Heterodon nasicus)

M Oliveri, C Carnabuci, M Vignoli, S Di Feliciantonio, M Di Feliciantonio, L Della Salda, Z Knotek, M di Tommaso, A Luciani

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(2):75-82 | DOI: 10.17221/63/2022-VETMED  

This study aims to describe the most important cardiac structures in the Heterodon nasicus through echocardiography and anatomical dissection. Echocardiographic and echo-Doppler measurements were performed on twenty healthy adult Heterodon nasicus (10.10). The values of the ventricular length, aortic diameter, pulmonary trunk diameter, the mean thickness of the interventricular septum, and thicknesses of the wall of the cavum pulmonale (Cav. P) and cavum arteriosum (Cav. A), were measured. The aortic flow and pulmonary trunk flow were recorded. Two dead specimens (1.1) were dissected. The male’s pulmonary trunk...

Verification of accuracy of qPCR method for intravital diagnostics of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster in avian droppings

L Vrbasova, D Molinkova, P Linhart, Z Knotek

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(2):69-74 | DOI: 10.17221/85/2022-VETMED  

The objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for in vivo detection of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster. A total of 100 faecal and gastric mucosa samples from avian cadavers were investigated, using cytological and qPCR techniques (budgerigars, Fischer’s lovebirds, red-crowned parakeets, scarlet-chested parrots, eastern rosellas, domestic canaries, zebra finches, white Java sparrow). Using qPCR, the probability of detecting positive samples of droppings was significantly higher than in the faecal smear microscopy (P < 0.01). Cytology detected the presence of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster...

Presence of zoonotic black-pigmented periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats

V Ozavci, HTY Dolgun, S Kirkan

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(2):62-68 | DOI: 10.17221/59/2022-VETMED  

Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk to humans. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae and Prevotella nigrescens in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats. Dental swab samples were taken from 25 pet cats and 25 stray cats with symptoms of periodontal disease and then investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA species-specific primers. As a result of the multiplex PCR analysis, P. gingivalis 3/25 (12%), P. nigrescens...

Thrombocytosis in brachycephalic dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome

V Erjavec, A Nemec Svete

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(2):57-61 | DOI: 10.17221/23/2021-VETMED  

Brachycephalic dogs are prone to a conformation-related respiratory disorder known as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Due to its systemic consequences, BOAS should be considered a systemic disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and plateletcrit (PCT) in patients with various grades of BOAS and non-brachycephalic dogs. The latter served as a control group. We included 106 patients with BOAS and 41 non-brachycephalic dogs. According to the severity of the disease, BOAS patients were classified into grade 1 (17 dogs), grade 2 (42 dogs), and grade 3 (47 dogs). Thrombocytosis...

Factors affecting the in vitro embryo production in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A review

S Kumar, MS Chaves, AFB da Silva, WG Vale, STR Filho, JC Ferreira-Silva, LM Melo, VJF Freita

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(2):45-56 | DOI: 10.17221/48/2022-VETMED  

Under natural and well-managed conditions, the buffalo has good reproductive and productive indices. However, in vitro embryo production (IVEP) has been used commercially to maximise the number of elite animals. In this species, several factors (donor management, in vitro culture medium, semen, in vitro conditions, embryo transfer) still affect the IVEP results. In addition, the cost of this technique is very high for this purpose. Therefore, more studies, as well as adequate plans, are needed to achieve this objective efficiently. In this review, we discussed the current commercial status, influencing factors (in vivo...

List of volume 67 reviewers

Editorial Department

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):I-II  

Corrigendum: The effect of brown seaweed and polyphenol supplementation in male rabbits on the blood profile and antioxidant markers

M Massanyi

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):43 | DOI: 10.17221/4/2023-VETMED  

Fowl adenovirus induced different manifestations of the disease in two consecutive chicken breeding flocks in a poultry hall

M Levkutova, M Levkut, R Herich, V Revajova, V Seman, M Cechova, M Levkut

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):38-42 | DOI: 10.17221/27/2022-VETMED  

This study investigated an adenovirus infection in two consecutive breeding flocks in the same poultry hall. Thirty-six thousand one-day-old chickens of the ROSS 308 hybrid broiler type were kept together in one hall. The chickens in the first breeding flock during fattening did not show any clinical signs of the disease or increased mortality. Typical clinical signs of the adenovirus infection were seen in the second breeding flock. The signs included: depression, apathy, somnolence, a crouched position with a droopy head, fuzzy feathers, anaemic combs and wattles, sporadic nervous signs, and reduced weight gain. Increased mortality was recorded from...

Apocrine cystomatosis: From the aspect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

TU Kim, SW Lee, SM Baek, JH Yim, YJ Lee, JH Son, SJ Park, JK Park

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):33-37 | DOI: 10.17221/77/2022-VETMED  

Apocrine cystomatosis, also called epitrichial sweat gland cystomatosis, is a non-neoplastic condition characterised by multiple dilated cysts of sweat gland origin. Histopathologically, these cysts comprise two layers of cells: an inner layer of glandular epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. A case of apocrine cystomatosis was admitted to a local hospital. The microscopic investigation revealed that some enlarged cysts showed the transition of glandular epithelial cells into a spindle, mesenchymal cell-like morphology. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has long been studied as a pathway for embryogenesis, organ...

Antimicrobial activities of nano-emulsion of virgin coconut oil

DC Widianingrum, H Khasanah, L Purnamasari, ME Krismaputri, SG Hwang

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):27-32 | DOI: 10.17221/57/2022-VETMED  

This study aimed to determine the nano-emulsion of virgin coconut oil (n-VCO) formula that can produce the best size and zone inhibition of antimicrobial activity. The VCO was formulated with the different percentages of Tween 80 (P1: 24%, P2: 25%, P3: 26%) and sorbitol (P1: 36%, P2: 35%, P3: 34%). The particle size of the n-VCO emulsion was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity test of the n-VCO was determined by a challenge test using Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia...

Comparison of the effects of Aloe vera gel and coconut oil on the healing of open wounds in rats

O Istek, M Tanrisever, S Kucukler, B Karabulut, A Cevik

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):17-26 | DOI: 10.17221/101/2021-VETMED  

In this study, the effects of Aloe vera gel and coconut oil on wound healing were investigated and compared in rats. Forty-two Wistar albino rats were used during the experiment, in which they were operated on under general anaesthesia to create two full-thickness open skin wounds (created with a 0.5 cm diameter punch biopsy apparatus) on both back sides of the median line. A total of 42 rats were divided into three groups of 14 animals each to receive the topical application of Aloe vera gel (AV group – n = 14), coconut oil (CO group – n = 14) and cold cream (CONT group – n = 14). The medical applications...

Refractive errors in mixed breed dogs of different ages

A Balicka, J Zwolska, M Szadkowski, A Trbolova, I Balicki

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):11-16 | DOI: 10.17221/106/2021-VETMED  

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and range of refractive errors in dogs of different ages. A total of 99 clinically healthy, mixed-breed mesocephalic dogs were included in the study and divided into three different age groups according to the current human/pet analogy chart: 40 adults (23 males, 17 females, 1–8 years old, 3–70 kg), 21 seniors (14 males, 7 females, 6–11 years old, 7–42 kg), and 38 geriatrics (22 males, 16 females, 8–13 years old, 5–45 kg). All the dogs underwent an ophthalmic examination, including Schirmer tear test, tonometry, biomicroscopy, and ophthalmoscopy. Neither eye...

Palliative care for cancer patients in veterinary medicine

CSF Repetti, JR Rueda, CD Porto, R Prevedello Franco, RJS Girio, FFR Manhoso, IB Costa

Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(1):2-10 | DOI: 10.17221/76/2022-VETMED  

Neoplasms account for approximately half of the deaths of dogs over ten years of age. This finding, associated with the fact that canine cancer patients will often suffer from the consequences of the systemic spread of the tumour and paraneoplastic syndromes, shows the importance of understanding palliative care by veterinarians and owners. In view of this, this review aims to address palliative care that can be used in veterinary medicine to promote the patient’s well-being and quality of life.