Vet Med - Czech, 2016, 61(4):213-218 | DOI: 10.17221/8822-VETMED

Comparison of tramadol and buprenorphine analgesia for continuous intravenous propofol anaesthesia in dogs undergoing dental prophylaxisOriginal Paper

I. Capik1, O. Nagy1, C. Tothova1, I. Polkowska2
1 University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Kosice, Slovak Republic
2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, Poland

The objective of this study was to compare, in client-owned patients, the analgesic effects of the centrally acting analgesics tramadol and buprenorphine in continuous intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol. The study included forty dogs aged two to seven years and weighing 6-27 kg undergoing prophylactic dental treatment. The animals were classified into ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) I. and II. risk groups. One group of dogs received intravenous administration of tramadol (2 mg/kg) and the second one buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) 30 min prior to sedation induced by midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) i.v. General anaesthesia was induced by propofol (2 mg/kg) and maintained by a 120-minute propofol infusion (0.2 mg/kg min). Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen, body temperature and deep pain sensation elicited by haemostat forceps pressure on the fingers were recorded at ten minute intervals. The tramadol group of dogs showed significantly better blood pressure values (P < 0.001), minimal tendency to bradycardia (P < 0.05) and respiratory rate (P < 0.001), without any negative effects on oxygen saturation. Significantly better deep pain sensation was achieved in the tramadol group (P < 0.001). Blood gas/acid base profile analysis showed a non-significant increase in the tramadol group of dogs. In conclusion, in comparison with buprenorphine, tramadol provided significantly better results with respect to degree of analgesia, as well as the tendency towards cardiopulmonary complications arising during anaesthesia. Significantly better analgesia and a lower depressive effect of tramadol on vital functions allows better control and management of the continuous intravenous propofol anaesthesia.

Keywords: dog; analgesics; side effects; continuous propofol anaesthesia

Published: April 30, 2016  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Capik I, Nagy O, Tothova C, Polkowska I. Comparison of tramadol and buprenorphine analgesia for continuous intravenous propofol anaesthesia in dogs undergoing dental prophylaxis. Vet Med - Czech. 2016;61(4):213-218. doi: 10.17221/8822-VETMED.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Bono AV, Cuffari S (1997): Effectiveness and tolerance of tramadol in cancer pain. A comparative study with respect to buprenorphine. Drugs, 53 (Suppl 2), 40-49. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Budd K, Raffa RB (2005): Buprenorphine - The Unique Opioid Analgesic. 1st ed. Thieme Stuttgard, New York. 132 pp. Go to original source...
    3. Brayfield A (2014): Tramadol hydrochloride. In: Brayfield A (ed.): Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press, London. 4688 pp.
    4. Brema F, Pastorino G, Martini MC, Gottlieb A, Luzzani M, Libretti A, Sacca L, Gigolari S (1996): Oral tramadol and buprenorphine in tumour pain. An Italian multicentre trial. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 16, 109-116.
    5. Dohoo SE, Dohoo IR (1996): Factors influencing the postoperative use of analgesics in dogs and cats by Canadian veterinarians. Canadian Veterinary Journal 37, 552-556
    6. Duthie DJR (1998): Remifentanil and tramadol: recent advances in opioid pharmacology. British Journal of Anaesthesia 81, 51-57. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Grond S, Sablotzki A (2004): Clinical pharmacology of tramadol. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 43, 879-923. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Khan TH (2009): Safety of tramadol as a pre-induction agent. Anaesthesia Pain and Intensive Care 13, 57-60.
    9. Kogel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J (2014): Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 41, 297-304. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM (1993): Tramadol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states. Drugs 46, 313-340. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Manocha A, Sharma KK, Mediratta PK (2005): On the mechanism of anticonvulsant effect of tramadol in mice. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 82, 74-81. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Mastrocinque S, Fantoni DT (2003): A comparison of preoperative tramadol and morphine for the control of early postoperative pain in canine ovariohysterectomy. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 30, 220-228. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Moody DE, Fang Lin SN, Weyant DM, Strom SC, Omiecinski CJ (2009): Effect of rifampin and nelfinavir on the metabolism of methadone and buprenorphine in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 37, 2323-2329. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Paul-Murphy JR, Brunson DB, Miletic V (1999): Analgesic effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine in conscious African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus and Psittacus erithacus timneh). American Journal of Veterinary Research 60, 1218-1221. Go to original source...
    15. Raffa RB, Buschmann H, Christoph T, Eichenbaum G, Englberger W, Flores CM, Hertrampf T, Kogel B, Schiene K, Straßburger W, Terlinden R, Tzschentke TM (2012): Mechanistic and functional differentiation of tapentadol and tramadol. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 13, 1437-1449. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Reimann W, Schneider F (1998): Induction of 5-hydroxytryptamine release by tramadol, fenfluramine and reserpine. European Journal of Pharmacology 349, 199-203. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Roughan JV, Flecknell PA (2002): Buprenorphine: a reappraisal of its antinociceptive effects and therapeutic use in alleviating post-operative pain in animals. Laboratory Animals 36, 322-343. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Spiller HA, Gorman SE, Villalobos D, Benson BE, Ruskosky DR, Stancavage, MM, Anderson DL (1997): Prospective multi-center evaluation of tramadol exposure. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 35, 361-364. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Siddiqui KM, Chohan U (2007): Tramadol versus Nalbuphine in total intravenous anaesthesia for dilatation and dvacuation. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 57, 67-70.
    20. Stoelting RK (1999): Opioid agonists and antagonists. In: Stoelting RK (ed.): Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 77-112
    21. Taylor PM, Houlton JEF (1984): Postoperative analgesia in the dog - a comparison of morphine, buprenorphine and pentazocine. Journal of Small Animal Practice 25, 437-451. Go to original source...
    22. Ungulenc H, Ozalevli M, Gunes Y, Guler T, Isik G. (2003): Pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of tramadol compared with morphine after major abdominal surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesiology 91, 209-213. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content