Vet Med - Czech, 2020, 65(11):487-494 | DOI: 10.17221/109/2020-VETMED

Occurrence of mycotoxins in complete poultry feeds in the Czech Republic - Multiannual survey (2013-2018)Original Paper

P Mikula1, J Blahova1, A Honzlova2, J Kalinova3, P Macharackova4, J Rosmus5, Z Svobodova1, M Svoboda6
1 Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
2 State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Horni Kosov, Jihlava, Czech Republic
3 Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic
4 State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
5 State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague-Lysolaje, Czech Republic
6 Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

To assess the contamination and potential health risks for poultry, we investigated concentrations of selected mycotoxins in complete feeds sampled within the period of 2013-2018 in the Czech Republic. Broiler feeds, feeds for laying hens, chickens and/or other poultry species were investigated by ELISA methods or chromatography. Our results demonstrated that unlike other mycotoxins, (such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A or zearalenone), deoxynivalenol (DON) may represent a potential threat. The prevalence of this mycotoxin in all the feed categories was very high, always reaching at least 81.29%. Moreover, in 14 of the 139 analysed broiler feed samples (i.e., in 10.81% of samples), DON was detected in concentrations exceeding the recent guidance value of 5 000 µg/kg established by EU legislation. Since previous studies demonstrated that the long-term feeding of such a highly contaminated diet could cause stress in the animals and could lead to their growth suppression, good agricultural practices and the further systematic monitoring of Czech poultry feeds are still highly needed.

Keywords: broilers; deoxynivalenol; feed contamination; filamentous fungi; Fusarium; mycotoxin

Received: May 18, 2020; Accepted: September 14, 2020; Published: November 30, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Mikula P, Blahova J, Honzlova A, Kalinova J, Macharackova P, Rosmus J, et al.. Occurrence of mycotoxins in complete poultry feeds in the Czech Republic - Multiannual survey (2013-2018). Vet Med - Czech. 2020;65(11):487-494. doi: 10.17221/109/2020-VETMED.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Abd El-Hack ME, Samak DH, Noreldin AE, El-Naggar K, Abdo M. Probiotics and plant-derived compounds as ecofriendly agents to inhibit microbial toxins in poultry feed: A comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2018 Nov;25(32):31971-86. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Abidin Z, Khatoon A, Numan M. Mycotoxins in broilers: Pathological alterations induced by aflatoxins and ochratoxins, diagnosis and determination, treatment and control of mycotoxicosis. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2011;67(3): 485-96. Go to original source...
    3. Aguzey HA, Gao ZH, Wu HH, Cheng GL, Wu ZM, Chen JH. The effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on the gut microbiota, morphology and immune system of chicken - A review. Ann Anim Sci. 2019;19(2):305-18. Go to original source...
    4. Akinmusire OO, El-Yuguda AD, Musa JA, Oyedele OA, Sulyok M, Somorin YM, Ezekiel CN, Krska R. Mycotoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients in Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res. 2019 May;35(2):149-55. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Antonissen G, Van Immerseel F, Pasmans F, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Timbermont L, Verlinden M, Janssens GPJ, Eeckhaut V, Eeckhout M, De Saeger S, Hessenberger S, Martel A, Croubels S. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol predisposes for the development of Clostridium perfringensinduced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. PLoS One. 2014 Sep 30;9(9):e108775. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Antonissen G, Croubels S, Pasmans F, Ducatelle R, Eeckhaut V, Devreese M, Verlinden M, Haesebrouck F, Eeckhout M, De Saeger S, Antlinger B, Novak B, Martel A, Van Immerseel F. Fumonisins affect the intestinal microbial homeostasis in broiler chickens, predisposing to necrotic enteritis. Vet Res. 2015 Sep 23;46(1):98. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Antonissen G, De Baere S, Devreese M, Van Immerseel F, Martel A, Croubels S. Feed contamination with Fusarium mycotoxins induces a corticosterone stress response in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2017 Jan 1;96(1):14-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Awad W, Ghareeb K, Bohm J, Zentek J. The toxicological impacts of the Fusarium mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, in poultry flocks with special reference to immunotoxicity. Toxins. 2013 Apr 29;5(5):912-25. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Beg MU, Al-Mutairi M, Beg KR, Al-Mazeedi HM, Ali LN, Saeed T. Mycotoxins in poultry feed in Kuwait. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006 May;50(4):594-602. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Bertero A, Moretti A, Spicer LJ, Caloni F. Fusarium molds and mycotoxins: Potential species-specific effects. Toxins. 2018 Jun 15;10(6):244. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Binder EM, Tan LM, Chin LJ, Handl J, Richard J. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2007;137(3-4): 265-82. Go to original source...
    12. Bordini JG, Rossi CN, Ono MA, Hirooka EY, Ono EYS. Exposure degree of broilers to ochratoxin A through naturally contaminated feed. J Food Saf. 2016;37(2):e12317. Go to original source...
    13. Bryden WL. Mycotoxin contamination of the feed supply chain: Implications for animal productivity and feed security. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2012;173(1-2):134-58. Go to original source...
    14. Cegielska-Radziejewska R, Stuper K, Szablewski T. Microflora and mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed mixtures from western Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013; 20(1):30-5.
    15. Chang H, Kim W, Park JH, Kim D, Kim CR, Chung S, Lee C. The occurrence of zearalenone in South Korean feedstuffs between 2009 and 2016. Toxins. 2017 Jul 15;9(7):223. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. CHMI - Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Historicka data - Meteorologie a klimatologie [Historical data - Meteorology and climatology] [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 1]. Available from: www.chmi.cz. Czech.
    17. Dalcero A, Magnoli C, Luna M, Ancasi G, Reynoso MM, Chiacchiera S, Miazzo R, Palacio G. Mycoflora and naturally occurring mycotoxins in poultry feeds in Argentina. Mycopathologia. 1998;141(1):37-43. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Devreese M, Antonissen G, Broekaert N, De Baere S, Vanhaecke L, De Backer P, Croubels S. Comparative toxicokinetics, absolute oral bioavailability, and biotransformation of zearalenone in different poultry species. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 May 27;63(20):5092-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. D'Mello JPF, Placinta CM, Macdonald AMC. Fusarium mycotoxins: A review of global implications for animal health, welfare and productivity. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1999;80(3-4):183-205. Go to original source...
    20. EFSA CONTAM Panel. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed. EFSA Journal 2017 Jul 31;15(7): e04851.
    21. Elaroussi MA, Mohamed FR, El Barkouky EM, Atta AM, Abdou AM, Hatab MH. Experimental ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 2006 Aug;35(4):263-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. European Commission. Commission Recommendation (2006/576/EC) on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding. Brussels: Belgium; 2006.
    23. European Commission. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 152/2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed. Brussels: Belgium; 2009.
    24. European Commission. Commission Recommendation 2013/165/EU on the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in cereals and cereal products. Brussels: Belgium; 2013.
    25. European Parliament and the Council. Directive 2002/32/ EC on undesirable substances in animal feed. Brussels: Belgium; 2002.
    26. Ghareeb K, Awad WA, Bohm J, Zebeli Q. Impacts of the feed contaminant deoxynivalenol on the intestine of monogastric animals: Poultry and swine. J Appl Toxicol. 2015 Apr;35(4):327-37. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Grenier B, Schwartz-Zimmermann HE, Gruber-Dorninger C, Dohnal I, Aleschko M, Schatzmayr G, Moll WD, Applegate TJ. Enzymatic hydrolysis of fumonisins in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2017 Dec 1;96(12): 4342-51. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Heussner AH, Bingle LEH. Comparative ochratoxin toxicity: A review of the available data. Toxins. 2015 Oct 22; 7(10):4253-82. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Kana JR, Gnonlonfin BGJ, Harvey J, Wainaina J, Wanjuki I, Skilton RA, Teguia A. Assessment of aflatoxin contamination of maize, peanut meal and poultry feed mixtures from different agroecological zones in Cameroon. Toxins. 2013 Apr 29;5(5):884-94. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Kanora A, Maes D. The role of mycotoxins in pig reproduction: A review. Vet Med. 2009;54(12):565-76. Go to original source...
    31. Kim DH, Lee IH, Do WH, Nam WS, Li H, Jang HS, Lee C. Incidence and levels of deoxynivalenol, fumonisins and zearalenone contaminants in animal feeds used in Korea in 2012. Toxins. 2014;6(1):20-32. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Kipper M, Andretta I, Ribeiro AML, Pires PGD, Franceschina CS, Cardinal KM, Moraes PD, Schroeder B. Assessing the implications of mycotoxins on productive efficiency of broilers and growing pigs. Sci Agric. 2020; 77(3):e20180236. Go to original source...
    33. Kongkapan J, Poapolathep S, Isariyodom S, Kumagai S, Poapolathep A. Simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins in broiler feeds using a liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. J Vet Med Sci. 2016 Feb;78 (2):259-64. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Labuda R, Parich A, Berthiller F, Tancinova D. Incidence of trichothecenes and zearalenone in poultry feed mixtures from Slovakia. Int J Food Microbiol. 2005 Nov 15; 105(1):19-25. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Mezes M, Barta M, Nagy G. Comparative investigation on the effect of T-2 mycotoxin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in different poultry species. Res Vet Sci. 1999 Feb;66(1):19-23. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Mottet A, Tempio G. Global poultry production: Current state and future outlook and challenges. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2017;73(2):245-56. Go to original source...
    37. Murugesan GR, Ledoux DR, Naehrer K, Berthiller F, Applegate TJ, Grenier B, Phillips TD, Schatzmayr G. Prevalence and effects of mycotoxins on poultry health and performance, and recent development in mycotoxin counteracting strategies. Poult Sci. 2015 Jun;94(6):1298-315. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Narrod C, Tiongco M, Costales A. Global poultry sector trends and external drivers of structural change. In: Theime O, Pilling D, editors. Poultry in the 21st century: Avian influenza and beyond. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization; 2007. p. 21-48.
    39. Nathanail AV, Varga E, Meng-Reiterer J, Bueschl C, Michlmayr H, Malachova A, Fruhmann P, Jestoi M, Peltonen K, Adam G, Lemmens M, Schuhmacher R, Berthiller F. Metabolism of the Fusarium mycotoxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in wheat. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Sep 9;63(35): 7862-72. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. OECD/FAO. OECD-FAO agricultural outlook (Edition 2020), OECD agriculture statistics (database) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 17]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1787/4919645f-en.
    41. Rawal S, Kim JE, Coulombe R. Aflatoxin B-1 in poultry: Toxicology, metabolism and prevention. Res Vet Sci. 2010; 89(3):325-31. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Rossi CN, Takabayashi CR, Ono MA, Bordini JG, Kawamura O, Vizoni E, Hirooka EY, Ono EYS. Assessment of exposure of broiler chicken in Brazil to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed. Food Secur. 2013;5(4):541-50. Go to original source...
    43. Shi H, Schwab W, Yu P. Natural occurrence and co-contamination of twelve mycotoxins in industry-submitted coolseason cereal grains grown under a low heat unit climate condition. Toxins. 2019 Mar 13;11(3):160. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Stoev SD, Stefanov M, Denev S, Radic B, Domijan AM, Peraica M. Experimental mycotoxicosis in chickens induced by ochratoxin A and penicillic acid and intervention with natural plant extracts. Vet Res Commun. 2004 Nov;28(8): 727-46. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Streit E, Naehrer K, Rodrigues I, Schatzmayr G. Mycotoxin occurrence in feed and feed raw materials worldwide: Long-term analysis with special focus on Europe and Asia. J Sci Food Agric. 2013a Sep;93(12):2892-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. Streit E, Schwab C, Sulyok M, Naehrer K, Krska R, Schatzmayr G. Multi-mycotoxin screening reveals the occurrence of 139 different secondary metabolites in feed and feed ingredients. Toxins. 2013b Mar 8;5(3):504-23. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Svoboda M, Blahova J, Honzlova A, Kalinova J, Macharackova P, Rosmus J, Mejzlik V, Kukol P, Vlasakova V, Mikulkova K. Multiannual occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds for pigs in the Czech Republic. Acta Vet Brno 2019;88(3):291-301. Go to original source...
    48. Wang AH, Hogan NS. Performance effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on broiler chickens: Influences of timing and duration of exposure. Anim Nutr. 2019 Mar; 5(1):32-40. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content