Vet Med - Czech, 2018, 63(4):168-174 | DOI: 10.17221/71/2016-VETMED

Reproductive parameters in Yorkshire terrier dogs in PolandOriginal Paper

M. Goleman*,1, M. Karpinski1, P. Czyzowski1, W. Tuszynska-Bogucka2, L. Drozd1
1 Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
2 Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, University of Economics and Innovations, Lublin, Poland

The aim of this study was to determine the basic reproductive parameters, i.e., litter size, gestation length, neonatal mortality rate and the type of delivery in Yorkshire terrier dogs, one of the most popular breeds in Poland. We have verified a hypothesis put forward by breeders that larger females have fewer whelping difficulties and produce larger litters and that pregnancies of females having one or two pups last longer. The focus of investigation was reproductive data from 66 Yorkshire terrier females registered in the Lublin Branch of the Polish Kennel Club, an FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale) member, which whelped 124 litters comprising in total 508 pups from 37 fathers. The data were collected between August 2009 and December 2014. The significance of differences was verified using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H-tests. The relationships between the recorded dogs' reproduction traits were estimated by calculation of Spearman's correlation coefficients with the use of the statistical programmes Statistica and SPSS 20. The investigations have confirmed the hypothesis concerning the larger litter size produced by larger females and the lower incidence of postpartum dystocia; however, the hypothesis of the impact of body weight on the length of pregnancy was rejected. The differences between the body weights of stud females and males reached 125%. The Yorkshire terrier appears to be a good reproductive breed with normal reproductive functions and good reproductive parameters.

Keywords: small dog breeds; reproduction; litter size; completion of pregnancy

Published: April 30, 2018  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Goleman M, Karpinski M, Czyzowski P, Tuszynska-Bogucka W, Drozd L. Reproductive parameters in Yorkshire terrier dogs in Poland. Vet Med - Czech. 2018;63(4):168-174. doi: 10.17221/71/2016-VETMED.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Bobic Gavrilovic B, Andersson K, Linde Forsberg C (2008): Reproductive patterns in the domestic dog - a retrospective study of the Drever breed. Theriogenology 70, 783-794. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Borge KS, Tonnessen R, Nodtvedt A, Indrebo A (2011): Litter size at birth in purebred dogs - A retrospective study of 224 breeds. Theriogenology 75, 911-919. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Caffaratti M, Gonzalez G, Gorla N, Guendulain C (2013): Reproductive parameters of the Dogo Argentino bitch. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, doi: 10.1155/2013/495975. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Concannon PW (2000): Canine pregnancy: Predicting parturition and timing events of gestation. In: England E, Verstegen J (eds): Recent Advances in Small Animal Reproduction. International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org).
    5. Concannon PW (2011): Reproductive cycles of the domestic bitch. Animal Reproduction Science 124, 200-210. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Domoslawska A, Jurczak A, Janowski T (2011): A onefoetus pregnancy monitored by ultrasonography and progesterone blood levels in a German Shepherd bitch: a case report. Veterinarni Medicina 56, 55-57. Go to original source...
    7. Eilts BE, Davidson AP, Hosgood G, Paccamonti DL, Baker DG (2005): Factors affecting gestation duration in the bitch. Theriogenology 64, 242-251. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Feldman EC, Nelson RW (2007): Reproduction in Canine Female (in Portuguese). In: Endocrinologia y Reproduccion Canina y Felina. 3rd edn. Intermedica, Buenos Aires. 833-1036.
    9. Goleman M, Karpinski M, Czyzowski P, Drozd L (2015): Litter size variation in Polish selected small dog breeds. Italian Journal of Animal Science 14, 476-478. Go to original source...
    10. Holowaychuk MK (2013): Hypocalcemia of critical illness in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice 43, 1299-1317. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Holst PA, Phemister RD (1974): Onset of diestrus in the Beagle bitch: definition and significance. American Journal of Veterinary Research 35, 401-406. Go to original source...
    12. Jakubas-Kwiatkowska W, Blachowicz A, Franek E (2005): Hypocalcemia in clinical practice - causes, symptoms and treatment (in Polish). Choroby Serca i Naczyn 2, 232-237.
    13. Johnson CA (2008): Pregnancy management in the bitch. Theriogenology 70, 1412-1417. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Kelley R (2002): Canine reproductive management: factors affecting litter size. In: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Society for Theriogenology and American College of Theriogenology. 291-301.
    15. Kutzler MA, Yeager AE, Mohammed HO, Meyers-Wallen VN (2003): Accuracy of canine parturition date prediction using fetal measurements obtained by ultrasonography. Theriogenology 60, 1309-1317. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Luvoni GC, Grioni A (2000): Determination of gestational age in medium and small size bitches using ultrasonographic fetal measurements. Journal of Small Animal Practice 41, 292-294. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. McGreevy PD, Nicholas FW (1999): Some practical solutions to welfare problems in dog breeding. Animal Welfare 8, 329-341. Go to original source...
    18. Ochota M, Mackowiak M, Nizanski W (2014): A weak newborn. Critical 24 hours (in Polish). Weterynaria w praktyce 9, 46-53.
    19. Okkens AC, Hekerman TWM, de Voge JWA (1993): Influence of litter size and breed on variation in length of gestation in the dog. The Veterinary Quarterly 15, 160-161. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Okkens AC, Teunissen JM, Van Osch W, Van Den Brom WE, Dieleman SJ, Kooistra HS (2001): Influence of litter size and breed on the duration of gestation in dogs. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 57, 193-197.
    21. Seki M, Watanabe N, Ishii K, Kinoshita Y, Aihara T, Takeiri S, Otoi T (2010): Influence of parity and litter size on gestation length in beagle dogs. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 74, 78-80.
    22. Socha P, Janowski T (2011): Predicting the parturition date in Yorkshire Terrier and Golden Retriever bitches using ultrasonographic fetometry. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 55, 71-75.
    23. Son CH, Jeong KA, Kim JH, Park IC, Kim SH, Lee CS (2001): Establishment of the prediction table of parturition day with ultrasonography in small pet dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 63, 715-721. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Standards and Nomenclature (2012): FCI-Standard N° 86 - Yorkshire Terrier. Available at www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/086g03-en.pdf (Accessed April 25, 2016).
    25. Tedor JB, Reif JS (1978): Natal patterns among registered dogs in the United States. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 172, 1179-1185. Go to original source...
    26. Zonturlu AK, Kacar C (2012): Effect of gestation length of litter size, and inter-pup interval, change od rectal temperature in German shepherd and Labrador retriever bitches. Harran Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 1, 103-106.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content