Vet Med - Czech, 2018, 63(7):335-343 | DOI: 10.17221/142/2017-VETMED

Comparative in vitro efficacy of eight essential oils as antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet-turtlesOriginal Paper

B.C.J. De Silva, S. Hossain, S.H.M.P. Wimalasena, H.N.K.S. Pathirana, P.S. Dahanayake, G.J. Heo*
Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea

Essential oils are plant extracts that have been used for their antimicrobial properties for centuries. The keeping of turtles as pets exhibits a growing trend worldwide but these animals are known to harbour a range of pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, we assessed eight essential oils as alternative antibacterial agents against nine species of pet turtle-borne Gram-negative bacteria, namely Aeromonas caviae, A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all other bacterial species showed high susceptibility to six essential oils, namely oregano, cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, lavender and eucalyptus oils in descending order of efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations values of the essential oils against all tested species except for P. aeruginosa showed low heterogeneity, showing that these essential oils can effectively control the growth of nearly all the tested. However, most of the tested bacteria were multiple-antibiotic-resistant as determined in the antibiotic disc diffusion test, with multiple-antibiotic-resistant index values of ≥ 0.2 for most of the strains. Therefore, with regards to their in vitro activity in controlling growth of multi-drug resistant bacteria, we can classify oregano, cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, lavender and eucalyptus essential oils as effective antibacterial agents. Thus, prospective application of these essential oils in controlling and treating these bacteria should be considered.

Keywords: essential oil; antibacterial efficacy; pet turtles; Aeromonas caviae; Aeromonas dhakensis; Aeromonas hydrophila; Citrobacter freundii; Morganella morganii; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella enterica; cinnamon; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; clove; Syzygium aromaticum; eucalyptus; Eucalyptus radiata; ginger; Zingiber officinale; lemongrass; Cymbopogon flexuosus; lime; Citrus aurantifolia; lavender; Lavandula angustifolia; oregano; Origanum vulgare; yellow-bellied slider; Trachemys scripta scripta; Chinese stripe-necked turtle; Ocadia sinensis; river cooter; Pseudemys concinna concinna; Chinese softshell turtle; Pelodiscus maackii; western painted turtle; Chrysemys picta belli; common musk turtle; Sternotherus odoratus

Published: July 31, 2018  Show citation

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De Silva BCJ, Hossain S, Wimalasena SHMP, Pathirana HNKS, Dahanayake PS, Heo GJ. Comparative in vitro efficacy of eight essential oils as antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet-turtles. Vet Med - Czech. 2018;63(7):335-343. doi: 10.17221/142/2017-VETMED.
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