Vet Med - Czech, 2021, 66(6):257-265 | DOI: 10.17221/5/2020-VETMED

Treatment of extremity fractures in 20 wild birds with a modified Meynard external fixator and clinical assessment of the resultsOriginal Paper

K Gerbaga Ozsemir, K Altunatmaz
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of the treatment on twenty wild birds presenting with fractures that were stabilised with modified Meynard external fixators. The study material consisted of a total of twenty birds of eight different species, six white storks (Ciconia ciconia), one eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), one European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), one long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus), three common buzzard (Buteo buteo), one northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), one Armenian gull (Larus armenicus), and six yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis), which were diagnosed with fractures in their extremity bones following clinical and radiological examinations. The lesions of the twenty cases evaluated in the study were diagnosed as humerus fractures in nine cases, ulna fractures in three cases, tibiotarsus fractures in seven cases and a femur fracture in one case. The external fixators were removed between weeks five and nine postoperatively. While healing was seen in twelve of the twenty evaluated cases, the complete functional recovery occurred in six of these and they were released into nature. It was concluded that modified Meynard external fixator, which was made applicable for fractures in birds, could be an alternative method for fracture treatments in wild birds.

Keywords: avian; fracture assessment; orthopedic surgery; osteosynthesis

Received: January 7, 2020; Accepted: February 26, 2021; Published: June 30, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Gerbaga Ozsemir K, Altunatmaz K. Treatment of extremity fractures in 20 wild birds with a modified Meynard external fixator and clinical assessment of the results. Vet Med - Czech. 2021;66(6):257-265. doi: 10.17221/5/2020-VETMED.
Download citation

References

  1. Arias JI, Beato J, Espinoza A. Epoxy putty external skeletal fixation in a tibiotarsal fracture of a wild choroy parakeet (Enicognathus leptorhynchus). Arq Bras Med Vet Zoo. 2015;67(3): 671-8. Go to original source...
  2. Aslan L, Adizel O, Sancak T. Treatment and rehabilitation of wild birds and mammals. Indian J Anim Res. 2018 Jan; 52(4):623-7. Go to original source...
  3. Bennert BM, Kircher PR, Gutbrod A, Riechert J, Hatt JM. Evaluation of two miniplate systems and figure-of-eight bandages for stabilization of experimentally induced ulnar and radial fractures in pigeons (Columba livia). J Avian Med Surg. 2016 Jun;30(2):111-21. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Bennett RA, Kuzma AB. Fracture management in birds. J Zoo Wildl Med. 1992;3(1):5-38.
  5. Bueno I, Redig PT, Rendahl AK. External skeletal fixator intramedullary pin tie-in for the repair of tibiotarsal fractures in raptors: 37 cases (1995-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015 Nov 15; 247(10):1154-60. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Carrasco DC, Schimizu N. Avian orthopaedic surgery part 2: Assessment, options, conservative management. Companion Anim. 2018;23(2):64-72. Go to original source...
  7. Choi KH, Buhl G, Ponder J. Raptor acupuncture for treating chronic degenerative joint disease. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2016 Dec;9(6):330-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Dascalu R, Sabau M, Proteasa A, Schuszler L, Sala A, Serb M, Igna C. Contributions to the treatment of traumatic orthopedic disorders in birds. Sci Works, Ser C Vet Med. 2013;19(3):77-84.
  9. Degernes LA, Roe SC, Abrams FC. Holding power of different Pin designs and pin insertion methods in avian cortical bone. Vet Surg. 1998;27(4):301-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Gaunt AS, Oring LW, Able KP, Anderson DW, Baptista LF, Barlow JC, Wingfield JC. Guidelines to the use of wild birds in research. Washington, USA: The Ornithological Council; 1997. p. 3-4.
  11. Gerbaga Ozsemir K. Kuslarda Pododermatitin Tanisi ve Sagaltim Secenekleri [Diagnosis and treatment of pododermatitis in birds]. Türkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2018; 9(2):62-8. Turkish. Go to original source...
  12. Harcourt-Brown NH. Orthopedic conditions that affect the avian pelvic limb. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2002 Jan;5(1):49-81. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Hatt JM, Christen C, Sandmeier P. Clinical application of an external fixator in the repair of bone fractures in 28 birds. Vet Rec. 2007 Feb 10;160(6):188-94. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Howard DJ, Redig PT. Analysis of avian fracture repairs: Implications for captive and wild birds. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians. Florida, USA: Association of Avian Veterinarians; 1993. p. 78-82.
  15. Kestin SC, Knowles TG, Tinch AE, Gregory NG. Prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype. Vet Rec. 1992 Aug 29;131(9):190-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Konig HE, Maierl J, Weissengruber G, Forstenpointner G. 1. Introduction. In: Konig HE, Korbel R, Liebich HG, editors. Avian anatomy textbook and colour atlas. Scheffield, UK: 5M Publishing; 2016. p. 19-20.
  17. Kubiak M, Forbes N. Veterinary care of raptors: 2. Musculoskeletal problems. In Pract. 2011 Feb;33(3):50-7. Go to original source...
  18. Meiners M. Fraktur Versorgung der Beckengliedmaße beim Vogelmittels Kombinations-Osteosynthese mit Fixateur externe und integriertem Marknagel [External skeletal fixator intramedullary-pin "tie-in] [dissertation]. Germany: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University; 2007. 198 p. German.
  19. Orosz SE, Ensley PK, Haynes CJ. Anatomy of and surgical approaches to the leg: Surgical approaches to the pelvic limb: Femur. In: Mills L, editor. Avian surgical anatomy: Thoracic and pelvic limbs. Pennsylvania: W.B. Saunders Company; 1992. p. 102-5.
  20. Perez EC, Seoane MS, Santamarina BV, Cantalapiedra AG. Comparison of holding power of three different pin designs for external skeletal fixtaion in avian bone: A study in common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Vet Surg. 2008 Oct; 37(7):702-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Pollock C. Postoperative management of the exotic animal patient. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2002 Jan; 5(1):183-212. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Rodriguez B, Rodriguez A, Siverio F, Siverio M. Causes of raptor admissions to a wildlife rehabilitation center in Tenerife (Canary Islands). J Raptor Res. 2010;44(1):30-9. Go to original source...
  23. Slunsky P, Halter L, Florczak S, Haake A, Brunnberg L, Muller K. Repair of a femoral fracture in a Congo African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) with a paracortical-clemp-cerclage technique. J Zoo Wildlife Med. 2017 Dec;48(4):1204-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Subasi M, Karatas C. Titanyum ve Titanyum Alasimlarindan Yapilan Implantlar Uzerine Inceleme [A review on implants made of titanium and titanium alloys]. Journal of Polytechnic. 2012;15(2):87-103. Turkish.
  25. Sullivan TN, Wang B, Espinosa HD, Meyers MA. Extreme lightweight structures: Avian feathers and bones. Mater Today. 2017;20(7):377-91. Go to original source...
  26. Tscherne H, Oestern HJ. Die Klassifizierung des Weichteilschadens bei offenen und geschlossenen Frakturen [A new classification of soft-tissue damage in open and closed fractures]. Unfallheilkunde. 1982 Mar;85(3):111-5. German.
  27. Tully TN. Basic avian bone growth and healing. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2002 Jan;5(1):23-30. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Tunio A, Jalila A, Yong Meng G, Shameha I. Experimental fracture healing with external skeletal fixation in a pigeon ulna model. J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2014;1(2):58-64. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.