Veterinární medicína, 2011 (vol. 56), issue 5
Foetal and neonatal energy metabolism in pigs and humans: a review
D. Mota-Rojas, H. Orozco-Gregorio, D. Villanueva-Garcia, H. Bonilla-Jaime, X. Suarez-Bonilla, R. Hernandez-Gonzalez, P. Roldan-Santiago, M.E. Trujillo-Ortega
Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(5):215-225 | DOI: 10.17221/1565-VETMED 
The aim of this review was to elaborate a conceptual framework of the most important aspects of the main biochemical processes of synthesis and breakdown of energy substrates that human and pig foetuses and newborns can use during the transition from foetus to newborn. Under normal physiological conditions, the growth and development of the foetus depends upon nutrients such as glucose, lipids and amino acids. In addition to the maternal and foetal status, genetic factors are also reported to play a role. The main function of the placenta in all species is to promote the selective transport of nutrients and waste products between mother and foetus....
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in powdered infant milk: F57 competitive real time PCR
K. Hruska, I. Slana, P. Kralik, I. Pavlik
Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(5):226-230 | DOI: 10.17221/1563-VETMED
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in concentrations from 48 to 32 500 cells per gram of powdered infant milk were found in 18 out of 51 investigated samples (35%) in this study. More than 10 000 cells per gram were present in four samples (7.8%). Such concentrations mean that one package of milk contains 5 million MAP cells, which are ingested by a bottle-fed baby over the course of several days. Premature babies and bottle-fed newborns can be affected by pro-inflammatory triggers from a huge number of mycobacteria despite not suffering from infection with bacteria or viruses often linked with the etiology of Crohn's...
A study of serum insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) concentrations in resting untrained Andalusian horses: influence of age and gender
A. Munoz, P. Trigo, C. Riber, V. Malonda, F. Castejon
Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(5):231-242 | DOI: 10.17221/1562-VETMED
Growth rate, tissue repair and reproductive functions are mediated by the somatotrophic axis, the growth hormone (GH) being one of its main components. GH is released in a pulsatile manner and a single measurement does not provide accurate information on the activity of the somatotrophic axis. The actions of GH on tissues are mediated by insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), mainly released by the liver, and thus, the measurement of IGF-1 could be considered a good indicator of the activity of GH and the somatotrophic axis. Serum IGF-1 concentrations are relatively stable due to its long biological half-life without obvious diurnal rhythm. Additionally,...
Progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD) in selected dog breeds and variability in its phenotypic expression
J. Dostal, A. Hrdlicova, P. Horak
Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(5):243-247 | DOI: 10.17221/1564-VETMED
Progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD) is a late onset autosomal photoreceptor degeneration found in canines. PRCD in canines is homologous to one form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) found in humans and displays phenotypic similarity as well as having the identical causative mutation. The PRCD gene was mapped to the centromeric region of canine chromosome 9 (CFA9). We report here a population study of 699 dogs of the following breeds and the following frequencies of the disease-causing mutation: American Cocker Spaniel (0.09), English Cocker Spaniel (0.34), English Springer Spaniel (0.00), Welsh Springer Spaniel (0.00), Flat Coated Retriever...
The effect of swim-up purification and incubation of cells on sperm viability in dogs of different ages
D. Bukowska, B. Kempisty, J. Sikora, M. Jackowska, M. Wozna, P. Antosik, H. Piotrowska, J. Budna, J.M. Jaskowski
Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(5):248-254 | DOI: 10.17221/1560-VETMED
The influence of selected semen extenders on the motility of frozen-thawed dog spermatozoa has been clearly demonstrated in several studies, although there are no reports indicating the effect of swim-up purification on sperm viability in this species of mammals. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and necrosis in sperm after variable lengths of time of in vitro incubation after swim-up purification. Dog semen samples were collected from (i) ten dogs aged six months to 1.5 year, (ii) ten dogs aged six to eight years, and (iii) ten dogs aged 11 to 13 years. A flow cytometric method was employed...
Computed tomographic findings in a calf with actinomycosis: a case report
T. Mohamed, F. Al-Sobayil, T. Kurwasawa, T. Nakade, M. Floeck
Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(5):255-259 | DOI: 10.17221/1559-VETMED
In this report a case of actinomycosis in a five-month-old Holstein calf is described. The patient displayed a hard and immobile swelling in the mandible and fever. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the skull was performed under deep sedation and revealed an asymmetrical appearance of the mandible with the presence of intra-mandibular hypodense lesions. Haematologic and serum biochemical profiles revealed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Treatment consisted of flushing the lesion and administration of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The calf responded to therapy and had recovered almost...
A case of systemic mycosis in a Hovawart dog due to Candida albicans
M. Skoric, P. Fictum, I. Slana, P. Kriz, I. Pavlik
Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(5):260-264 | DOI: 10.17221/1561-VETMED
Candida albicans is reported as the etiological agent of multi-systemic infections in dogs. A two-year-old female Hovawart dog was presented with marked alteration in its health condition characterised by weakness, fever, anorexia, abdominal pain, cachexy and generalized lymphadenopathy. A radiograph of the abdominal cavity showed several non-specific nodular lesions in the mesentery, ranging in size up to 10 cm in diameter. At necropsy, extensive enlargement of lymph nodes and the presence of numerous whitish to grey nodules of different sizes in several organs were evident. Histopathological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation...