Vet Med - Czech, 2002, 47(12):343-350 | DOI: 10.17221/5845-VETMED

Iodine toxicity in ruminants

I. Paulíková, G. Kováč, J. Bíreš, Š. Paulík, H. Seidel, O. Nagy
University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic

The inadequate intake of iodine is still a topical problem, because it contributes to a reduction in performance through the disturbed health of adult animals and their offspring. The necessity of iodine is frequently described in association with hypothyroidal state. In our work we want to assign the hidden risk of prolonged iodine feeding in ruminants. We discuss the possible sources of iodine intoxication, the clinical signs of the intoxication, its effects on production, reproduction, and thyroid functions; animal susceptibility to intoxication; laboratory and necropsy findings; diagnostic, and therapeutic possibilities.

Keywords: iodine; intoxication; cattle; sheep; goats

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Paulíková I, Kováč G, Bíreš J, Paulík Š, Seidel H, Nagy O. Iodine toxicity in ruminants. Vet Med - Czech. 2002;47(12):343-350. doi: 10.17221/5845-VETMED.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Anke M., Groppel B., Bauch K.H. (1993): Iodine in the food chain. In: Delange F., Dunn J.T., Glinoer D. (eds.): Iodine Deficiency in Europe. Plenum Press, New York. 151-157. Go to original source...
    2. Baker H.J., Lindsey J.R., (1969): Equine goiter due to excess dietary iodide. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 153, 1618-1630.
    3. Beckman H. (1961): Pharmacology: The nature, action and use of drugs. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In: Newton G.L., Barrick E.R., Harvey R.W., Wise M.B. (1974): Iodine toxicity: Physiological effects of elevated dietary iodine on calves. J. Anim. Sci., 38, 449-455. Go to original source...
    4. Binnerts W.T. (1979): The iodine content of milk: No reason for concern yet. Net. Milk Dairy J., 37, 12-23.
    5. Blaxter K.L. (1944): The preparation and biological effects of iodinated protein: The effect of iodinated protein feeding on the lacting cow. I. e effects of preparation of low activity and iodinated casein. J. Endocrinol., 4, 237-265. Go to original source...
    6. Blaxter K.L. (1946): Experiments with iodinated casein on farms in England and Wales. J. Agric. Sci., 36, 117-121. Go to original source...
    7. Blaxter K.L. (1948): Severe experimental hyperthyroidism in ruminant. I. Metabolic effects. J. Agric. Sci., 38, 1-6. Go to original source...
    8. Braverman L.E., Vagenakis A.G., Wang C.A., Malof F., Ingbar S.H. (1971): Studies on the pathogenesis of iodine myxedema. Trans. Ass. Am. Physicians., 84, 130-135.
    9. Buck W.B., Osweiler G.D., Van Gelder G.A. (1976): Iodine in Clinical and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed., Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. 69-75.
    10. Convey E.M., Chapin L.T., Kesner J.S., Hillman D., Curtis A.R. (1977): Serum thyrotropin and thyroxine after thyrotropin releasing hormone in dairy cows fed varying amounts of iodine. J. Dairy Sci., 60, 975-980. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Convey E.M., Chapin L.T., omas J. W., Leung K., Swanson E.W. (1978): Serum thyrotropin, thyroxin, and triiodothyronine in dairy cows fed varying amounts of iodine. J. Dairy Sci., 61, 771-775. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Fish R.E., Swanson E.W. (1979): Thyroxine and triiodothyronine of parturient cows and their calves as affected by iodine dosing. J. Dairy Sci., 62, 89.
    13. Fish R.E., Swanson E.W. (1982): Effects of excessive intakes of iodine upon growth and thyroid function of growing Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 64, 605-610. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Forbes E.G., Karns G.M., Bechdel S.I., Kieth T.B., Callenback E.W., Murphy R.R. (1932): e value of iodine for livestock in central Pennsylvania. J. Agric. Res., 45, 111-128.
    15. Haggard D.L., Stowe H.D., Conner G.H., Johnson D.W. (1980): Immunologic effects of experimental iodine toxicosis in young cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res., 41, 539-543.
    16. Harris B. (1978): Iodine and selenium in animal nutrition. Dairy Information Sheet, IFAS, University of Florida, 1-4.
    17. Hemken R.W. (1979): Factors that influence the iodine content of milk and meat: A review. J. Anim. Sci., 48, 981-985. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Herrick J.B. (1972): What role EDDI in bovine respiratory complex? Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 68, 480-482.
    19. Hetzel B.S. (1989): e iodine deficiency disorders: their nature and prevention. Ann. Rev. Nutr., 9, 21-38. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Hillman D., Curtis A.R. (1980): Chronic iodine toxicity in dairy cattle: Blood chemistry, leukocytes, and milk iodine. J. Dairy Sci., 63, 55-63. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Kuebler W.F. (1957): A comparison between inorganic iodine levels of feeding potassium and cuprous iodide and copper retention. J. Dairy Sci., 40, 1087-1092. Go to original source...
    22. Leung K., Conwey E.M., Conner G.H. (1980): Effect of dietary iodide on hypophyseal and thyroid hormone secretions in Holstein-Friesian heifers. Am. J. Vet. Res., 41, 1402-1407.
    23. Long J.F., Hibbs J.W., Gilmore L.O. (1953): e effect of thyroprotein feeding on the blood level of inorganic iodine, protein-bound iodine and cholesterol in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 36, 1049-1057. Go to original source...
    24. Long J.F., Gilmore L.O., Hibbs J.W. (1956): e effect of different levels of iodine feeding on serum inorganic and protein/bound iodine with a note on the frequency of administration required to maintain a high level of serum inorganic iodide. J. Dairy Sci., 39, 1323-1326. Go to original source...
    25. Maas J., Berg J.N., Petersen R.G. (1989): Serum distribution of iodine after orsl administration of ethylenediamine dihydroiodide in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res., 50, 1758-1759.
    26. Maberly G.F. (1994): Iodine deficiency disorders: Contemporary Scientific Issues. J. Nutr., 124, 1473- 1478. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Mangkoewidjojo S., Sleight S.D., Convey E.M. (1980): Pathologic features of iodine toxicosis in calves. Am. J. Vet. Res., 7, 1057-1061.
    28. McCauley E.H., Johnson D.W. (1972): e role of EDDI in bovine respiratory disease complex. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 67, 836-837. Go to PubMed...
    29. McCauley E.H., Johnson D.W., Alhadji I. (1972): Disease problems in cattle associated with rations containing high level of iodide. Bovine Pract., 7, 22-27. Go to original source...
    30. McCauley E.H., Linn J.G., Goodrich R.D. (1973): Experimentally induced iodide toxicosis in lambs. Am. J. Vet., 34, 65-70.
    31. Miller J.K., Swanson E.W. (1973): Metabolism of ethylenediamine dihydroiodide and sodium or potassium iodide by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 56, 378-384. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Nagataki M.S. (1974): Effect of excess quantities of iodide. In: Greer M.A., Solomon D.H. (eds.): Handbook of Physiology. Vol. III. Thyroid. Am. Physiol. Soc., Washington, D. C. 165-172.
    33. Newton G.L., Barrick E.R., Harvey R.W., Wise M.B. (1974): Iodine toxicity: Physiological effects of elevated dietary iodine on calves. J. Anim. Sci., 38, 449-455. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Newton G.L., Clawson A.J. (1974): Iodine toxicity: Physiological effects of elevated dietary iodine on pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 39, 879-884. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. NRC - National Research Council (1978): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 5th rev. ed. Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington, D.C. 1-76.
    36. Olson W.G., Stevens J.B., Anderson J., Haggard D.W. (1984): Iodine toxicosis in six herds of dairy cattle. JAVMA, 184, 179-181. Go to PubMed...
    37. Pennington J.A.T. (1990): A review of iodine toxicity reports. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 90, 1571-1581. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Sargison N.D., West D.M., Clark R.G. (1998): The effects iodine deficiency on ewe fertility and perinatal lamb mortality. N.Z. Vet. J., 46, 72-75. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Schmidt G.H., Warner R.G., Tyrell H.F., Hansel W. (1971): Effect of thyreoprotein feedin on dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 54, 481-489. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. Suzuki H., Higuchi H., Sawa K., Ohtaki S., Horinchy Y. (1965): Endemic coast goiter in Hokkaido. Japan. Acta Endocrinol., 50, 161-176. Go to original source...
    41. Thilly C.H., Vanderpas J. B., Bebe N., Ntambue K., Contempre B., Swennen B., Moreno-Reyes R., Bourdoux P., Delange F. (1992): Iodine deficiency, other trace elements and goitrogenic factors in the etiopathogeny of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 32, 229-243. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Thomas J. W., Moore L.A. (1953): Thyroproteinfeeding to dairy cows during successive lactations. J. Dairy Sci., 36, 657-662. Go to original source...
    43. Wallace C.E. (1975): Iodine toxicity in cattle. Geo. Vet., 27-25.
    44. Webster S.H., Rice M.E., Highman B., Oettingen W.F. (1957): The toxicology of potassium and sodium iodates: Acute toxicity in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 120, 171-175.
    45. Wolf J. (1969): Iodine goiter and the pharmacologic effect of excess iodine. Am. J. Med., 47, 101-124. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content