Vet Med - Czech, 2023, 68(12):483-489 | DOI: 10.17221/82/2023-VETMED

Tremorgenic mycotoxin poisoning in a dog: A case reportCase Report

T Novotna ORCID...1,2, B Sitarova2, Z Hoskova3, V Vaibarova4, Z Dzuman5, J Hajslova5, V Skupien6, Z Svobodova1
1 Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
2 DRAVET, Veterinary Clinic, Drásov, Czech Republic
3 Veterinary Clinic with Emergency Service MVDr. Lubomír Hošek, Brno, Czech Republic
4 Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
5 Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
6 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

An eleven-year-old Pit Bull Terrier was presented to the veterinary practice with an acute onset of whole-body seizures. The clinical signs developed in a garden where the dog was kept that morning. There was a suspicion of tremorgenic mycotoxin poisoning by compost as the dog had vomited parts of compost right before the onset of the seizures and there was a pile of compost located in the garden. The dog underwent immediate decontamination following supportive treatment and recovered fully within 24 h of intensive care. The samples of the vomit and parts of the compost were cultivated. In the sample of the vomit, Penicillium sp. was found. Subsequently, tremorgenic mycotoxins paxilline, penitrem A and roquefortine C were determined chromatographically at significant concentrations in the vomit and a growth medium with cultivated Penicillium sp. The aim of this work is to describe the complex therapeutic and diagnostic approach to the patient with a suspected tremorgenic mycotoxin poisoning where a combination of mycological and chromatographic analyses was used to confirm the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of canine tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in the Czech Republic and the first reported case of paxilline poisoning in a dog.

Keywords: chromatography; paxilline; Penicillium sp.; penitrem A; roquefortine C

Received: August 14, 2023; Revised: October 23, 2023; Accepted: November 13, 2023; Published: December 29, 2023  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Novotna T, Sitarova B, Hoskova Z, Vaibarova V, Dzuman Z, Hajslova J, et al.. Tremorgenic mycotoxin poisoning in a dog: A case report. Vet Med - Czech. 2023;68(12):483-489. doi: 10.17221/82/2023-VETMED.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Arp LH, Richard JL. Experimental intoxication of guinea pigs with multiple doses of the mycotoxin, penitrem A. Mycopathologia. 1981 Jan;73(2):109-13. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Barker AK, Stahl C, Ensley SM, Jeffery ND, Decus D. Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2013 Feb;35(2):E2.
    3. Boysen SR, Rozanski EA, Chan DL, Grobe TL, Fallon MJ, Rush JE. Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in four dogs from a single household. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002 Nov;221(10):1441-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Burdock GA, Flamm WG. Safety assessment of the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid. Int J Toxicol. 2000 May;19(3):195-218. Go to original source...
    5. Cole RA, Cox RH. Handbook of toxic fungal metabolites. New York, USA: Academic Press; 1981.
    6. Dzuman Z, Zachariasova M, Lacina O, Veprikova Z, Slavikova P, Hajslova J. A rugged high-throughput analytical approach for the determination and quantification of multiple mycotoxins in complex feed matrices. Talanta. 2014 Apr;121:263-72. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Eriksen GS, Jaderlund KH, Moldes-Anaya A, Schonheit J, Bernhoft A, Jaeger G, Rundberget T, Skaar I. Poisoning of dogs with tremorgenic Penicillium toxins. Med Mycol. 2010 Feb;48(1):188-96. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Evans TJ, Gupta RC. Veterinary toxicology. 3rd ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Academic Press; 2018. 1238 p.
    9. Fraeyman S, Croubels S, Devreese M, Antonissen G. Emerging fusarium and alternaria mycotoxins: Occurrence, toxicity and toxicokinetics. Toxins. 2017 Jul;9(7):228. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Gupta RC. Veterinary toxicology basic and clinical principles. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 2007. 1201 p.
    11. Leth PM, Gregersen M. Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Dec 20;155(2-3):179-84. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Nishiyama M, Kuga T. Pharmacological effects of the tremorgenic mycotoxin fumitremorgin A. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1986 Apr;40(4):481-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Pino J. Heat stroke secondary to tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in an Australian Shepherd [dissertation]. Ithaca, New York, USA: Cornell University; 2018. 28 p.
    14. Puschner B. Penitrem A and roquefortine. In: Plumlee KH, editor. Clinical veterinary toxicology. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2009. p. 258-9.
    15. Rajagopal G, Venkatesan K, Ranganathan P, Ramakrishnan S. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in ethylene glycol toxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1977 Mar;39(3):543-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Schell MM. Tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication. Vet Med-Czech. 2000;95:285-6.
    17. Schneweis I, Meyer K, Hormansdorfer S, Bauer J. Mycophenolic acid in silage. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Aug;66(8):3639-41. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Schweighauser A, Francey T. Ethylene glycol poisoning in three dogs: Importance of early diagnosis and role of hemodialysis as a treatment option. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2016 Feb;158(2):109-14. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Selala MI, Daelemans F, Schepens PJ. Fungal tremorgens: The mechanism of action of single nitrogen containing toxins - A hypothesis. Drug Chem Toxicol. 1989 Sep-Dec;12(3-4):237-57. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Sobotka TJ, Brodie RE, Spaid SL. Neurobehavioral studies of tremorgenic mycotoxins verruculogen and penitrem A. Pharmacology. 1978;16(5):287-94. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Svobodova Z, Modra H, Herzig I, Skaloud J. Veterinarni toxikologie v klinicke praxi [Veterinary toxicology in clinical practice]. 2nd ed. Prague, Czech Republic: Profi Press; 2017. 280 p. Czech. Go to original source...
    22. Tiwary AK, Puschner B, Poppenga RH. Using roquefortine C as a biomarker for penitrem A intoxication. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009 Mar;21(2):237-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Valdes JJ, Cameron JE, Cole RJ. Aflatrem: A tremorgenic mycotoxin with acute neurotoxic effects. Environ Health Perspect. 1985 Oct;62:459-63. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Walter SL. Acute penitrem A and roquefortine poisoning in a dog. Can Vet J. 2002 May;43(5):372-4.
    25. Young KL, Villar D, Carson TL, Ierman PM, Moore RA, Bottoff MR. Tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication with penitrem A and roquefortine in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003 Jan 1;222(1):52-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content