Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):413-419 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2024-VETMED

A serological survey of wild boar in Serbia for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeOriginal Paper

M Ninkovic ORCID..., J Maksimovic Zoric, D Vojinovic, L Veljovic, N Jezdimirovic, J Kureljusic, J Zutic
Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are causative agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. However, information on the prevalence of these pathogens in wild boars is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in wild boars in Serbia. In this study 253 serum samples from wild boars were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia using the ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence rates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were 4.2% and 56.9%, respectively. Antibodies to both pathogens were detected in 20 sera samples (7.9%). The prevalence of wild boars that were seropositive for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae differed with age and ranged from 10.7% to 33.3%, and for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, it ranged from 51.8% to 83.3%. Wild boars are hard to control and are considered a high-risk infection source for outdoor and backyard pigs and eventually for commercial indoor farms as well. Thus, the result of this first serosurvey in Serbia should raise awareness of the importance of wild boars as potential reservoirs of bacterial pathogens such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Our data revealed the circulation of both pathogens in wild boars in Serbia, drawing attention to the potential health risk they present for domestic swine health.

Keywords: аntibodies; ELISA; pneumonia; Serbia; wild swine

Received: July 30, 2024; Revised: November 27, 2024; Accepted: November 27, 2024; Published: December 27, 2024  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Ninkovic M, Maksimovic Zoric J, Vojinovic D, Veljovic L, Jezdimirovic N, Kureljusic J, Zutic J. A serological survey of wild boar in Serbia for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Med - Czech. 2024;69(12):413-419. doi: 10.17221/64/2024-VETMED.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    Supplementary files:

    Download file2024-064_ESM_final.pdf

    File size: 106.5 kB

    References

    1. Angjelovski B, Janevski AL, Atanaskova-Petrov E, Marin Orenga C, Bojkovski J. Serological profile and pleurisy lesions associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pig farms in North Macedonia. Vet Gl. 2023 Feb;77(2):137-48. Go to original source...
    2. Batista Linhares M, Belloy L, Origgi FC, Lechner I, Segner H, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Investigating the role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the re-emergence of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig herds: A pathological, prevalence and risk-factor study. PLoS One. 2015 Mar;10(3). Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Bojkovski J, Stankovic B, Prodanov-Radulovic J, Maletic M, Vakanjac S, Zdravkovic N. Procena biosigurnosnih mera na komercijalnim farmama svinja [Assessment of iosecurity measures on commercial pig farms]. Vet J Republ Srpska. 2018 Dec;18(2):463-86. Serbian. Go to original source...
    4. de Souza TCGD, Silva VS, Mores MAZ, Kramer B, Leme RA, da Silva Porto G, Alfieri AA. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in free-living wild boars in Parana, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2021 Sep;52(3):1581-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Deffner P, Maurer R, Cvjetkovic V, Sipos W, Krejci R, Ritzmann M, Eddicks M. Cross-sectional study on the in-herd prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at different stages of pig production. Vet Rec. 2022 Jul;191(7). Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Elbers AR, Dekkers LJ, Van der Giessen JW. Sero-surveillance of wild boar in the Netherlands, 1996-1999. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epizooty. 2000 Sep;19(3):848-54. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Halli O, Ala-Kurikka E, Wallgren P, Heinonen M. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae seroprevalence in farmed wild boars in Finland. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2014 Dec;45(4):813-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Leal Zimmer FM, Paes JA, Zaha A, Ferreira HB. Pathogenicity and virulence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Virulence. 2020 Nov;11:1600-22. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Liang QL, Zou Y, Gao YH, Nie LB, Zhang XX, Hu GX, Riu D, Zhu XQ. First report of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae seroprevalence in farmed wild boars in China. Acta Trop. 2018 Oct;182:212-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Maes D, Segales J, Meyns T, Sibila M, Pieters M, Haesebrouck F. Control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2008 Nov;126(4):297-309. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Makovska I, Dhaka P, Chantziaras I, Pessoa J, Dewulf J. The role of wildlife and pests in the transmission of pathogenic agents to domestic pigs: A systematic review. Animals. 2023 May;13(11):1830. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Marinou KA, Papatsiros VG, Gkotsopoulos EK, Odatzoglou PK, Athanasiou LV. Exposure of extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to selected pig pathogens in Greece. Vet Q. 2015 Jun;35(2):97-101. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management. Law on Game and Hunting. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia. 2010;18/10.
    14. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy. Plan and method of monitoring of classical swine fever and African swine fever in wild boar in 2022 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.vet.minpolj.gov.rs/storage/2023/06/Plan-i-nacin-vrsenja-monitoringa-na-KKS-i-AKS-kod-divljih-svinja-u-2022.-i-2023.godinu.pdf.
    15. Neskovic M, Ristic B, Dosenovic R, Grubac S, Petrovic T, Prodanov-Radulovic J, Polacek V. African swine fever outbreak investigation on large commercial pig farm in Serbia. Acta Vet Belgrade. 2021 May;71(2):219-29. Go to original source...
    16. Pepovich R, Hristov K, Nikolov B, Genova K, Ivanova E. Seroprevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs from Bulgaria. Bulg J Vet Med. 2022 Aug;25(2):333-8. Go to original source...
    17. Prodanov-Radulovic J, Dosen R, Pusic I, Petrovic T, Apic J, Stojanov I, Polacek V. Emergence of pseudorabies virus (morbus aujeszky) infection at large swine farms in AP Vojvodina (Serbia). Contemp Agric. 2015 Apr;64(1-2):105-11.
    18. Prodanov-Radulovic J, Mirceta J, Djurdjevic B, Lazic S, Aleksic-Kovacevic S, Petrovic J, Polacek V. African swine fever outbreak in an enclosed wild boar hunting ground in Serbia. Pathogens. 2023 Jan;12(5):691. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Prodanov-Radulovic J, Vucicevic I, Polacek V, Aleksic-Kovacevic S. Current swine respiratory diseases morphology in intensive swine production in Serbia. Acta Vet Belgrade. 2020 Feb;70(1):1-36. Go to original source...
    20. Reiner G, Fresen C, Bronnert S, Haack I, Willems H. Prevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Germany. J Wildl Dis. 2010 Jun;46(2):551-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Risco D, Serrano E, Fernandez-Llario P, Cuesta JM, Goncalves P, Garcia-Jimenez WL, Martinez R, Cerrato R, Velarde R, et al. Severity of bovine tuberculosis is associated with co-infection with common pathogens in wild boar. PLoS One. 2014 Oct;9(10). Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Rycroft AN, Garside LH. Actinobacillus species and their role in animal disease. Vet J. 2000;159(1):18-36. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Sassu EL, Bosse JT, Tobias TJ, Gottschalk M, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I. Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: Knowledge, gaps and challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2017;65:72-90. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Savic B, Radanovic O, Jovicic D, Nesic K, Ivanovic S, Stevancevic O, Cvetocevic D, Kasagic D. Survey of infectious agents associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in Serbian swine herds using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Acta Vet Belgrade. 2015;65(1):79-88. Go to original source...
    25. Sibila M, Mentaberre G, Boadella M, Huerta E, Casas-Diaz E, Vicente J, Segales J. Serological, pathological and polymerase chain reaction studies on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in the wild boar. Vet Microbiol. 2010;144(1-2):214-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Numbers of wild boars [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 5]. Available from: https://data.stat.gov.rs/Home/Result/13040601?languageCode=sr-Latn.
    27. Stringer OW, Bosse JT, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Fodor L, Angen O, Velazquez E, Penny P, Lei L, Langford PR, Li Y. Proposal of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 19, and reformulation of previous multiplex PCRs for capsule-specific typing of all known serovars. Vet Microbiol. 2021;255:109021. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Stukelj M, Toplak I, Vengust G. Prevalence of antibodies against selected pathogens in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Slovenia. Slov Vet Res. 2014;51(1):21-7.
    29. Tarvydas A, Belova O. Effect of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) on forests, agricultural lands and population management in Lithuania. Diversity. 2022;14:801. Go to original source...
    30. Torremorell M, Pijoan C, Janni K, Walker R, Joo HS. Airborne transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in nursery pigs. Am J Vet Res. 1997;58(8):828-32. Go to original source...
    31. Touloudi A, Valiakos G, Athanasiou LV, Birtsas P, Giannakopoulos A, Papaspyropoulos K, Kalaitzis C, Sokos C, Tsokana CN, Spyrou V, Petrovska L, Bilinis C. A serosurvey for selected pathogens in Greek European wild boar. Vet Rec Open. 2015;2(2):e000077. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Vengust G, Valencak Z, Bidovec A. A serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar in Slovenia. J Vet Med B. 2006;53(1):24-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Zdravkovic N, Radanovic O, Savic B, Ninkovic M, Pavlovic I, Bojkovski J, Jezdimirovic N. Bakterijske infekcije u kompleksu respiratornih bolesti svinja [Bacterial infections in the complex of swine respiratory diseases]. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of Veterinary Doctors of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina); 2023 Jun 15-17; Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Banja Luka (BA): Veterinary Chamber of the Republic of Srpska; 2023. p. 33.
    34. Zutic J, Vojinovic D, Radosavljevic V. Seroprevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine originated from commercial farms in Serbia. Biotechn Anim Husb. 2014;30(2):295-302. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content