Veterinární medicína, 2006 (vol. 51), issue 5
Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic: Analysis of papers published from 1990 to 2005
K. Hruska
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):161-167 | DOI: 10.17221/5536-VETMED 
The Web of Science database searched results for papers published from the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic, were analysed. The Veterinary Research Institute has increased publication activity in 2001-2005; more than 4 times in comparison with the period 1990-2004. The impact factor of journals has increased 5.5 times. The collaboration with 31 foreign countries and 175 institutions resulted in the publication of 277 papers in 93 journals during the past five years. Positioning of the Veterinary Research Institute is now among the worldwide leading teams is evident in twelve research profiles. The Web of Science is an efficient tool...
Haemophilus parasuis and Glässer's disease in pigs: a review
K. Nedbalcova, P. Satran, Z. Jaglic, R. Ondriasova, Z. Kucerova
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):168-179 | DOI: 10.17221/5537-VETMED
Haemophilus parasuis is a common epiphyte of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. The factors of H. parasuis pathogenicity that enable some strains to be virulent and consequently cause a clinical disease have not been established yet. Fifteen serovars of H. parasuis have been described at present. Individual serovars differ in virulence, and considerable differences in virulence also exist within each serovar. Virulent strains can particularly participate as microorganisms secondary to pneumonia, cause septicaemia without polyserositis or Glässer's disease characterized by polyserositis, pericarditis, arthritis and meningitis....
Methods of mycobacterial DNA isolation from different biological material: a review
J. Hosek, P. Svastova, M. Moravkova, I. Pavlik, M. Bartos
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):180-192 | DOI: 10.17221/5538-VETMED
Mycobacteria cause serious infections in animals and human beings. Huge economic losses on farms are caused by selected species of this wide family. A high risk of transmission of infection from animal to human exists. The knowledge of exact pathogen characteristics is an important factor which can improve quick and adequate healing. Cultivation and determination of phenotype is still the "gold standard", but has the disadvantage of taking a long time and also low detection limit. Biochemical characterisation of isolates is not exact, and it is expensive. A more popular method used is the amplification of specific loci by polymerase chain reaction...
Economic impact of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds: a review
L. Hasonova, I. Pavlik
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):193-211 | DOI: 10.17221/5539-VETMED
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a disease which causes considerable economic losses to producers of livestock, particularly dairy cows. Nowadays PTB is one of the most prevailing and costly infectious diseases of dairy cattle. The purpose of the present study was to review economic losses, which may be caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) above all in herds of dairy cattle. The most important losses caused by the presence of clinically ill animals have been thoroughly described: loss of milk production and poor body condition followed by death or culling. In contrast, losses arising from a subclinical disease...
Genetically modified potato plants in nutrition and prevention of diseases in humans and animals: a review
R. Pribylova, I. Pavlik, M. Bartos
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):212-223 | DOI: 10.17221/5540-VETMED
Genetically modified organisms (GMO) become a real constituent of our lives and nowadays, they are commonly introduced into the food chain of people and animals in some states. Among higher organisms, plants are used above all for genetic modifications; potatoes are a suitable model plants for this purpose. Nowadays, a number of various genetic modifications of potato plants are available, particularly those with increased resistance to biological agents and factors of the external environment or with improved nutritional value. Plants that produce proteins of the immune system of man or animals or substances that may be used as vaccines in human or...
Isolation and physical localization of new chromosome-specific centromeric repeats in farm animals
A. Pauciullo, S. Kubickova, H. Cernohorska, K. Petrova, D. Di Berardino, L. Ramunno, J. Rubes
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):224-231 | DOI: 10.17221/5541-VETMED
In this study, new classes of tandemly repeated DNA sequences in the centromeric regions of three farm animal species are reported. Pericentromeric regions of bovine chromosome X, porcine chromosome 14 and equine chromosome 1 were microdissected by laser and amplified by DOP-PCR. Painting probes showed strong hybridization signals on their corresponding centromeres. Specific DNA fragments were isolated by cloning and sequenced. For each species, high homology level was found among the sequences. The presence of specific repeats within each sequence allows us to consider them as monomeric units or parts of longer tandemly repeated monomeric units that...
Collection of oocytes from donors in the growth phase of follicular development can enhance the production of bovine embryos for cryopreservation
M. Machatkova, K. Hanzalova, J. Horakova, Z. Reckova, P. Hulinska
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):232-238 | DOI: 10.17221/5542-VETMED
The present study was designed to compare the efficiency of bovine embryo production for cryopreservation between oocytes collected from donors in the growth phase of follicular development (GPFD) and those recovered from donors in the undefined phase (UPFD). Cyclic cows, Czech Siemental or Holstein dairy breeds, 4-6 years of age, slaughtered at the local abbatoir were used. They were divided into two groups based on ovarian morphology: I. GPFD donors with ovaries corresponding to the growth phase of the first follicular wave (estrus cycle days 3-4; n = 52), and II. UPFD donors with ovaries in any other phase of follicular development (undefined...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in porcine and bovine organs and tissues
M. Ciganek, J. Neca
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):239-247 | DOI: 10.17221/5543-VETMED
Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in porcine and bovine kidney, liver, lung, muscle and adipose tissue samples, and in eyeballs (lens and vitreous humour) in fattener pigs and cows. The total average PAH concentrations in individual organs were: 5.4, 6.3 (kidney); 3.8, 2.7 (liver); 4.6, 5.4 (lung); 3.6, 5.1 (muscle tissue); 0.05, 0.11 (adipose tissue); 57.9, 16.3 (lens) and 14, 6.4 (vitreous humour) for pigs and cows in ng/g of wet weight, respectively. Phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene were predominant PAH present in samples. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among...
Validation of a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the quantification of the furazolidone metabolite (AOZ) in eggs using various sample preparation
M. Franek, I. Diblikova, M. Vass, L. Kotkova, K. Stastny, K. Frgalova, K. Hruska
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):248-257 | DOI: 10.17221/5544-VETMED
A monoclonal-based ELISA, coupled with an assay buffer, solvent and solid phase extraction procedures, was validated for use in the monitoring of egg samples for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ). The procedures allow the detection of protein bound AOZ in the form of 2-nitrophenyl derivative (NPAOZ) in sample supernatant or extract after acid hydrolysis and derivatisation with o-nitrobenzaldehyde. The assays were validated according to criteria set down by Commission Decision (2003) for the performance and validation of analytical methods for chemical residues. The detection capability of ELISA's for AOZ in eggs (set on the basis of acceptance...
γδ-TCR+ CD2- lymphocytes are recruited into bovine mammary gland after stimulation
M. Faldyna, L. Leva, Z. Sladek, D. Rysanek, M. Toman
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):258-264 | DOI: 10.17221/5545-VETMED
γδ-T-Cell Receptor (TCR) lymphocytes were detected in mammary gland lavages collected from 10 clinically healthy virgin heifers before and after intramammary stimulation with synthetic muramyl dipeptide analogue. Using two-colour flow cytometry, CD2+ and CD2- subsets of γδ-TCR lymphocytes were analyzed. CD2+ γδ-TCR lymphocytes markedly prevailed over CD2- cells in intact mammary gland: 88.9 ± 4.9% of γδ-TCR lymphocytes were CD2+. After stimulation, neutrophils and γδ-TCR lymphocytes were recruited into the mammary gland. Among γδ-TCR...
Spontaneous and induced cytolysis of leukocytes from bovine mammary gland in the course of cultivation in vitro - the correlation with neutrophil granulocytes apoptosis
D. Rysanek, Z. Sladek, V. Babak, D. Vasickova, M. Hubackova
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):265-277 | DOI: 10.17221/5546-VETMED
The process of leukocyte cytolysis and the manifestations of apoptosis and secondary necrosis of neutrophil granulocytes (hereafter only "neutrophils") were studied on four virgin heifers after the induction of leukocyte influx into the mammary gland and after their lavage in in vitro conditions. Phosphate buffered saline, muramyl dipeptide and a lipopolysaccharide were used for influx induction. Cytolysis and apoptosis were induced with heat stress, ultraviolet irradiation and spontaneous aging for 24 hours. The cytolysis was detected indirectly by determining the lactate dehydrogenase activity in the cultivation medium after the...
Characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolated from rabbits in the Czech Republic
Z. Jaglic, Z. Kucerova, K. Nedbalcova, P. Kulich, P. Alexa
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):278-287 | DOI: 10.17221/5547-VETMED
Twenty seven Pasteurella multocida rabbit isolates were characterised by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) generated by restriction endonuclease ApaI, and examined for the presence of capsule and fimbriae, and tested of haemolytic activity and endotoxin release in presence of rabbit plasma. Among the isolates a high number (n = 20) of different PFGE types was observed. All isolates were found to be encapsulated and four of them also possessed fimbriae. Although the presence of the aphA gene, conferring a haemolytic phenotype for Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions, was indicated in all of the...
Isolation, immunochemical demonstration of field strains of porcine group A rotaviruses and electrophoretic analysis of RNA segments of group A and C rotaviruses
R. Smitalova, L. Rodak, I. Psikal, B. Smid
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):288-295 | DOI: 10.17221/5548-VETMED
Rotaviruses are major cause of acute diarrhea in animals and humans which can result in huge economic losses in farm animals including pigs. We collected 195 samples of feces of diarrhoeic animals. Rotavirus was demonstrated by electron microscopy using the method of negative staining in 27 samples and by ELISA test using monoclonal antibodies to the group antigen VP6 in 44 samples. Nine samples were selected for virus isolation. Three virus isolates (P375/4, P410/4 and P646/1) were successfully adapted to growth in cell line MA-104. These isolates were allocated to group A rotaviruses based on ELISA, immunoperoxidase test and electropherotype analysis....
Production of monoclonal antibodies against immunoglobulin heavy chain in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
T. Vesely, S. Reschova, D. Pokorova, J. Hulova, Z. Nevorankova
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):296-302 | DOI: 10.17221/5549-VETMED
A method for purification of carp serum immunoglobulin (IgM), intended for the production of monoclonal antibodies, was described in the present study. Hybridomas that produce antibodies against IgM heavy chain were selected by ELISA method and Western blotting. Ascitic fluids were prepared and tested by the above mentioned methods, and their typing followed. Monoclonal antibody with the highest titre of antibodies against carp immunoglobulin was selected for conjugation with horseradish peroxidase. Specificity of conjugated monoclonal antibody was tested in a panel of various fish species sera. Cross-reactivity was not detected in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus...
Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates from pigs in the Czech Republic
F. Sisak, H. Havlickova, H. Hradecka, I. Rychlik, I. Kolackova, R. Karpiskova
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):303-310 | DOI: 10.17221/5550-VETMED
A total of 126 Salmonella spp. isolates from pigs belonging to 13 serotypes (Typhimurium, Derby, Infantis, Enteritidis, Agona, Kaapstad, London, Montevideo, Bredeney, Give, Oritamerin, Schwarzengrund and Tennessee) were tested for sensitivity to 14 antibiotics. Resistance to 1-8 antibiotics was demonstrated in 64 isolates (59.8%), classified into seven serotypes with the most frequent being Salmonella typhimurium (n = 54). S. typhimurium strains were found to be the most resistant to streptomycin (91.5%), sulphonamides (88.1%), ampicillin (86.4%), tetracycline (84.7%) and chloramphenicol (83.0%), displaying the ACSSuT...
Risk assessment of mycobacterial infections (human tuberculosis and avian mycobacteriosis) during anatomical dissection of cadavers
M. Bartos, H. Pavlikova, L. Dvorska, R. Horvath, M. Dendis, P. Flodr, Z. Kolar, R.T. Weston, L. Pac, L. Matlova, I. Pavlik
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):311-319 | DOI: 10.17221/5551-VETMED
The aim of this work was to study the presence of mycobacteria in tissue samples from four cadavers fixed with formalin, and tissue samples from a recently deceased unpreserved individual, who had a history of human tuberculosis infection, undergoing a post mortem (cause of death not related to tuberculosis). All were examined for the presence of tuberculous lesions and the specific presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and M. avium complex (MAC) members by microscopy, culture, and PCR analysis of four genomic elements (IS6110, mtp40, IS901, and IS1245)....
Mycobacterial infections in European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Czech Republic during the years 2002 to 2005
I. Trcka, J. Lamka, R. Suchy, M. Kopecna, V. Beran, M. Moravkova, A. Horvathova, M. Bartos, I. Parmova, I. Pavlik
Vet Med - Czech, 2006, 51(5):320-332 | DOI: 10.17221/5552-VETMED
A total of 842 wild boar of differing ages, originating from 29 (37.7%) of the 77 districts in the Czech Republic, were examined during the hunting seasons from 2002 to 2005. Of them, 274 (32.5%) of the animals were wild specimens and 568 (67.5%) from game parks. Out of 786 animals, the following were included in the study: 668 piglets, 61 juveniles, 32 adult males and 25 adult females. A total of 2 704 samples from various tissues and faeces were examined: 309 separately collected faecal samples from 309 (36.7%) animals, 2 332 samples from various tissues and 63 faecal samples from 533 (63.3%) animals. Mycobacteria were isolated from 75 (8.9%) animals...