Veterinární medicína, 2011 (vol. 56), issue 10

Amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in veterinary medicine - the situation in Europe: a review

R. Belmar-Liberato, A. Gonzalez-Canga, P. Tamame-Martin, M. Escribano-Salazar

Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(10):473-485 | DOI: 10.17221/3293-VETMED  

In the recent past years, important efforts towards the prudent use of antimicrobials have been made in order to optimize antibacterial use, and maximize therapeutic effect while minimizing the development of resistance. Knowledge on the occurrence of resistance in bacteria could help in improving the clinical success of therapeutic decisions. Since the discovery of amoxicillin, this drug has been extensively used throughout the world in veterinary medicine, alone and also in combination with clavulanic acid. This paper provides information regarding the current situation of resistance to amoxicillin (and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) in animals in...

Innate and adaptive immunity in teleost fish: a review

C. Uribe, H. Folch, R. Enriquez, G. Moran

Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(10):486-503 | DOI: 10.17221/3294-VETMED  

The immune system of fish is very similar to vertebrates, although there are some important differences. Fish are free-living organisms from the embryonic stage of life in their aquatic environment. They have mechanisms to protect themselves from a wide variety of microorganisms. Consequently, fish rely on their innate immune system for an extended period of time, beginning at the early stages of embryogenesis. The components of the innate immune response are divided into physical, cellular and humoral factors and include humoral and cellular receptor molecules that are soluble in plasma and other body fluids. The lymphoid organs found in fish include...

DNA damage of blood lymphocytes and neutrophils in cattle with lymphosarcoma

T. Mohamed, D. Endoh, S. Oikawa

Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(10):504-509 | DOI: 10.17221/3295-VETMED  

The objective of the present study was to analyze the apoptotic process in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in cows clinically affected with lymphosarcoma. Thirteen cows were studied. Of them, eight, that were referred because of inappetance, loss of body condition, diarrhoea, constipation, protrusion of third eyelid, and exophthalmia, were seropositive for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) based on a serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other animals were apparently healthy and were used as controls. DNA damage of PBMC and PMN was assessed using the Comet assay. The results obtained showed a...

Conglutinin is not specific to cattle

M. Dec, A. Wernicki, A. Puchalski, R. Urban-Chmiel

Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(10):510-519 | DOI: 10.17221/3296-VETMED  

Conglutinin is a high-molecular-weight mammalian lectin which binds in a calcium-dependent manner to cell-surface-bound complement fragment iC3b, yeast cell-wall extract and terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, mannose and fucose residues. This protein, originally detected in bovine serum, belongs to the family of collectins, which are effector molecules in innate immunity. Conglutinin appears to play an important role in defence mechanisms, showing antiviral and antibacterial activity. We have characterized the electrophoresis profile of bovine serum conglutinin and used Western blotting to compare profiles of this lectin derived from the...

The survival of Escherichia coli upon exposure to irradiation with non-coherent polychromatic polarized light

D.M. Djurdjevic-Milosevic, M.M. Solaja, Lj.N. Topalic-Trivunovic, M.J. Stijepic, J.R. Glusac

Vet Med - Czech, 2011, 56(10):520-527 | DOI: 10.17221/3297-VETMED  

The purpose of this work was to examine the influence of non-coherent polarized light upon the growth of Escherichia coli. Experiments were designed to test the main hypothesis that this kind of polychromatic light can produce decimal reductions in numbers of E. coli bacteria. Two strains of E. coli - isolated from ground pork and commercial culture E. coli ATCC 25922, were both exposed to light for 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes. The source of non-coherent polarized light was a Bioptron-1 lamp (Zepter, Swiss) with the following technical characteristics: wavelength 400-2000 nm, polarization > 95%, and constant radiation...