Veterinární medicína - Latest articles

Toxicity of oxalic acid and its toxic effect on antioxidative enzymes in honey bee larvae

T Majchrak, M Ratvaj, L Sabova, J Toporcak, L Molnar

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(7):261-271 | DOI: 10.17221/18/2025-VETMED  

The production of food of plant origin is critically dependent on the pollination ability of honey bees, whose health has been deteriorating for a long time, and whose population is declining. In our in vivo experiment on a honey bee brood at the 4-day larval stage, we tested the following concentrations of oxalic acid: 0% (control – applied distilled water), 0.87%, 1.75%, 3.5% and 7%, corresponding to doses of 0 mg, 2.61 mg, 5.25 mg, 10.5 mg, and 21 mg of oxalic acid per dm² of honeycomb with the brood. The LC₅₀ values (72 h) ranged between 3.17% and 3.33%. The different LC₅₀ values obtained resulted from...

Exploring minocycline’s effect on retinal degeneration following N-methyl-N-nitrosourea exposure in rats

B Karabulut, H Eroksuz, Y Eroksuz, M Gul

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(7):247-260 | DOI: 10.17221/122/2024-VETMED  

Retinal degeneration (RD) is often associated with deficiencies or the inaccurate production of photoreceptor-specific proteins, which are encoded by various genes and characterised by the apoptotic and ongoing death of photoreceptor cells. This study involved administering a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 50 mg/kg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) to rats to induce RD. Some of these rats also received intraperitoneal minocycline at varying doses to prevent RD. Euthanasia was conducted at five intervals: at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, and on the 7^th day; and eye samples were taken. These samples were analysed using histopathology,...

Animal models of autism spectrum disorder: Insights into genetic, structural and environmental models

D Chivchibashi-Pavlova, K Bratoeva

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(7):227-241 | DOI: 10.17221/87/2024-VETMED  

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of human neurodevelopmental disorders with significant global prevalence. Deficits in social communication and interaction and repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behaviour characterise ASD. The aetiology of ASD is unclear, but several genetic and environmental risk factors, either alone or in combination, are implicated in its development. To date, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of ASD remain incompletely understood due to its heterogeneity. To better understand the pathogenesis of ASD, various animal models have been developed. The use of animals in ASD research allows the exploration of the biological...

Application of cold atmospheric microwave plasma on four domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) with open wounds

K Zelaya, JH Han, J Kim, SY Ahn, YD Suh, DN Lee, SC Yeon

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(6):218-225 | DOI: 10.17221/13/2025-VETMED  

This paper reports the feasibility of cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) therapy for birds with open wounds. Four domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) with open wounds of varying severity were treated with CAMP as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Wound healing was assessed using a modified scoring system during each treatment session, and the extent of healing was calculated as a percentage. The results revealed variability in wound improvement across cases, influenced by the initial severity of the wounds. In some cases, the outcomes were limited due to underlying conditions that overrode the recovery process, suggesting that...

Efficacy of a new ready-to-use vaccine against PCV-2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae under experimental conditions

R Krejci, P Trampus, A Csagola, T Szalai, N Palmai, A Toth, N Terenyi, Z Nagy, NA Szeplaki, G Somogyi, T Barna, E Rausch, Z Penzes, M Szaszko, Z Lorincz

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(6):196-202 | DOI: 10.17221/6/2025-VETMED  

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) are major and widespread swine pathogens, both implicated in the porcine respiratory disease complex, which can lead to significant economic losses for pig producers. PCV-2d is currently the most prevalent genotype. Vaccination against these two pathogens helps mitigate their impact on pig health and performance. The use of ready-to-mix or ready-to-use (RTU) vaccines targeting PCV-2a or PCV-2a/b and M. hyo is a common practice. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel RTU vaccine containing PCV-2d and M. hyo antigens under experimental conditions....

Antioxidant and cytokine modulation in PCOS rats protected with probiotics, myo-inositol, and herbal extracts

AA Zaki, NM Alharbi, TI Almundarij, SM Albarrak

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(6):203-217 | DOI: 10.17221/116/2024-VETMED  

This study investigated the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and evaluated the protective effects of various treatments in immature female Wistar rats (N = 48). The rats were divided into 6 groups: Olive oil injection (negative control, G1); testosterone propionate (TP)-induced PCOS (G2); probiotic + TP (G3); myo-inositol (myo-ins) + TP (G4); U. dioica extract + TP (G5); W. somnifera extract + TP (G6). The body weight, body weight gain, and percentage gain were measured weekly and then transformed using the base-10 logarithm (log₁₀). TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 were weekly measured using ELISA...

Uveodermatological syndrome in dogs: A review of diagnosis, management, and ophthalmic patient needs

P Zubricky, A Balicka, Z Drahovska, M Lapsanska, A Trbolova

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(6):185-195 | DOI: 10.17221/10/2025-VETMED  

Uveodermatological syndrome is a widely recognised disease that continues to raise significant concern among both veterinarians and pet owners. Its aetiology, although still unclear, is believed to involve an autoimmune origin and genetic predisposition. The most common clinical signs include skin depigmentation, alopecia, poliosis, and, most frequently, granulomatous panuveitis. Affected dogs often develop secondary complications owing to persistent intraocular inflammation, such as cataracts and glaucoma. Although immunosuppressive therapy often yields a favourable response, recurrence is commonly observed. In some cases, uveodermatological syndrome...

Uterine angiomyofibroblastoma in a domestic cat: A need of precise diagnosis for proper perioperative management

TU Kim, JS Park, JH Yim, WJ Kim, SB Hong, YR Jung, SK Choi, SM Baek, JK Park

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(5):177-183 | DOI: 10.17221/88/2024-VETMED  

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is rarely reported in humans as well as domestic animals, especially in the female genital tract. This painless tumour is characterised by the proliferation of spindle or ovoid tumour cells with myofibroblastic differentiation, which often cluster around thin-walled blood vessels. This report presents a case of feline AMFB for the first time. Preoperative abdominal radiography demonstrated an enlarged uterus with the dorsolateral displacement of the ovaries, and transabdominal ultrasonography showed an enlarged uterus with diffuse hypoechoic areas. The resected uterus showed a firm texture with a grey to brownish...

Environmental DNA (eDNA) contamination patterns of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in swine transport vehicles in the Philippines

MJ Bartolome, LAM Aguirre, CM Poliquit, I Besas, JG Angeles, J Rabajante, S Camba, F Del Valle, A Ambrocio, F Caguicla, MG Bustamante, D Umali

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(5):156-165 | DOI: 10.17221/84/2024-VETMED  

Since its introduction in 2019, African swine fever (ASF) has spread to all regions of the Philippines, affecting 73 out of its 82 provinces. To assess the environmental DNA (eDNA) contamination patterns of the ASF virus (ASFV) in swine transport vehicles and evaluate its measures of association, a total of 450 environmental swabs from 30 transportation vehicles were tested using qPCR. Five out of 30 vehicles (16.67%) tested positive in at least one of the following areas: cargo area or sidecar walls (6.67%), cargo area or sidecar floors (6.67%), hauling personnel’s hands (6.67%), steering wheel or handlebars (3.33%), gear shift levers (3.33%),...

Antibacterial activity and compositional analysis of Acer truncatum bunge leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus

F Liao, J He

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(5):166-176 | DOI: 10.17221/65/2024-VETMED  

Staphylococcus aureus is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause various diseases in both humans and animals. This experiment evaluates the antibacterial activity of extracts from Acer truncatum leaves against S. aureus, including the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), growth curve, and cell membrane integrity assessment, alongside the identification of the extract components by LC-MS. Results demonstrated that the MIC of the n-butanol extract from the ethanol extract of Acer truncatum leaves against S. aureus was 3.125 mg/ml, with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.25 mg/ml. Over 16 h, the...

Pathogenic bacteria in biogas plants using cattle, swine, and poultry manure

L Cermak, E Pechouckova, M Marounek, T Paulova

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(5):151-155 | DOI: 10.17221/47/2024-VETMED  

Fugate, a waste product from biogas production, regularly used in agriculture as a fertiliser, may contain bacterial pathogens that cause zoonoses. Anaerobic digestion (AD) can inactivate viable pathogens, including parasites, viruses, and pathogens containing antibiotic resistance genes. This study aimed to compare the numbers of pathogenic bacteria and diversity of potential bacterial pathogens in the fugate using three different types of slurry: cattle, swine, and poultry manure. The swine fugate showed higher numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter sp. than the poultry and cattle fugate. In the cattle fugate, the lowest...

Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, related risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows in Kosovo

N Mazreku, D Sylejmani, A Robaj

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):117-123 | DOI: 10.17221/102/2024-VETMED  

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows in the Republic of Kosovo. The study involved 242 lactating cows from 16 farms. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews, the California mastitis test (CMT), and microbiological analysis. For the detection and identification of bacteria, conventional methods and biochemical tests were used. The disc diffusion method was used to test the susceptibility of isolated bacteria. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) at quarter...

Gastroprotective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of geopropolis produced by Melipona subnitida (Meliponinae, Apidae) in Wistar rats

JS Batista, TS Teofilo, HN Araujo Junior, NS Felix, KAR Paiva, TA Neves, LS Reboucas, GVD Medeiros, KMFM Costa, FAF Xavier Junior, G Negri, A Salatino, CEP Jara

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):134-142 | DOI: 10.17221/98/2024-VETMED  

The jandaíra bee (Melipona subnitida) is a species native to northeastern Brazil that produces geopropolis, a mixture of clay and propolis, used in folk medicine. Geopropolis has traditionally been used in folk medicine because of its potential therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. Recent studies have highlighted the rich composition of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, contributing to their pharmacological potential. Despite these findings, the gastroprotective properties of geopropolis and the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored and warrant further...

Allogeneic adipose MSCs and autologous PRP for chronic non-healing wound in a cat

N Suwan, S Jenjittikul, R Tiratrakoonseree, C Jiradanaipat, S Teerawongsuwan, Wi Phathomrapeepong, W Phanwanich, R Rungsiwiwut

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):143-149 | DOI: 10.17221/93/2024-VETMED  

Management of chronic non-healing wounds in cats requires a comprehensive approach. This report describes the treatment of a severe open skin wound on the skull using a combined approach involving allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A 12-year-old neutered male mixed-breed domestic cat presented with a non-healing chronic wound on the skull. The wound extended from the orbital to the occipital area and from the left to the right temporal region. Laboratory test results were positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and impaired kidney function. Sensitivity tests revealed resistance to several...

Treatment tactic of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture management: A 28-day comparative analysis of ACP and NSAID induced effects on the serum MMP-3 levels and clinical outcomes

K Raulinaite, R Zelvyte, K Skemiene, I Monkeviciene

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):124-133 | DOI: 10.17221/39/2024-VETMED  

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) is a common stifle joint pathology among dogs, leading to osteoarthritis and painfulness. Non-surgical treatment options often represent the usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 14 days (NSAIDs), but autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) shows promising results in managing various orthopaedic conditions, decreasing inflammation, and improving the clinical outcome in dogs. This study aimed to determine the differences in MMP-3 serum levels and the clinical outcomes between differently treated cranial cruciate rupture cases. For this purpose, we used two different treatment methods for managing canine...

The use of silver nanoparticles in pigs – An invited review

N Hodkovicova, M Machacek, J Cahova, J Consolacion, A Siwicki, Z Pejsak, M Svoboda

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):77-92 | DOI: 10.17221/101/2024-VETMED  

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant interest in veterinary medicine due to their unique properties, including enhanced stability, greater antimicrobial efficacy, and reduced toxicity compared to traditional silver salts. Their applications span various areas of veterinary practice, such as dermatology, wound management, infection prevention, drug delivery, and disinfection. This review explores their use in pigs, highlighting their role as feed additives to prevent diarrhoea, as antibacterial agents in semen extenders, and veterinary dermatology. AgNPs possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and...

Effectiveness of glycerin-oxalic acid strips and essential oils in controlling Varroa destructor in honeybee

PR Hristov, IS Hristakov, AZ Atanasov, PA Zhelyazkov

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):101-109 | DOI: 10.17221/94/2024-VETMED  

The decline in the bee colony strength due to high levels of Varroa destructor infestations necessitates the development of new control methods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of glycerin-oxalic acid strips and essential oils in managing Varroa destructor. The experiment was conducted in 2022 at the experimental apiary in Debelec, part of the Institute of Animal Husbandry in Kostinbrod. Six experimental groups, each treated with a different preparation, were compared to a control group of untreated colonies. Treatments included Beevital Hiveclean (20 ml per colony), Varro Red (2 ml per frame), ammonium nitrate strips (1.3 mm),...

Cor triatriatum sinister with partial atrioventricular septal defect in a cat

W Go, W Park, G Hwang, S An, HC Lee, TS Hwang

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):110-115 | DOI: 10.17221/91/2024-VETMED  

A 6-year-old female neutered Turkish Angora cat was referred due to tachypnoea. The patient was diagnosed with cardiomegaly at a local hospital during a health screening two years ago. Tachypnoea occurred one year ago. On physical examination, the patient presented with a respiratory rate of 72 breaths per minute and a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg. Thoracic radiographs revealed severe cardiomegaly, left atrium (LA) enlargement, right atrium (RA) enlargement, right ventricular enlargement, and dilation of pulmonary arteries and veins. An alveolar pattern was identified in the right and left cranial lung lobes. Echocardiography revealed a membrane...

Effects of praziquantel on early life stages of Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

J Velisek, A Strouhova, M Sandova, E Zuskova, P Dvorak, A Stara

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):93-100 | DOI: 10.17221/85/2024-VETMED  

This study aimed to assess the toxicity of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel in the early life stages of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The toxicity was evaluated based on mortality, early ontogeny development, growth, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes and histopathology. Praziquantel at all tested concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 6 mg/l) showed no significant adverse effects on the hatching of grass carp. Concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 mg/l praziquantel caused significantly (P < 0.01) higher mortality and slower growth compared with controls. Praziquantel at concentrations (4 and 6 mg/l) showed a significant...

Prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia infestation in cattle and in broiler chickens in Algeria

R Baazizi, M Taibi, N Senouci, D Baroudi, S Khodja, R Belala, D Khelef, N Mimoune

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):68-76 | DOI: 10.17221/82/2024-VETMED  

Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are zoonotic protozoan diseases with significant public health and economic concerns. In Algeria, epidemiological data on these parasites in livestock are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia in dairy calves and broiler chickens and to identify the associated risk factors. A microscopic analysis of 200 faecal samples revealed a Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence of 56% in calves and 60% in broiler chickens, while the Giardia prevalence was 8% in calves and absent in chickens. In cattle, the data showed that age constituted a potential risk...

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of foot diseases in small ruminants in Siirt province (Türkiye) and its districts

A Gulaydin, O Gulaydin, M Yesilyurt, N Sindak, MB Akgul, O Yildrim

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):54-67 | DOI: 10.17221/81/2024-VETMED  

Foot diseases are one of the leading health problems that lead to significant yield losses in small ruminant breeding. This study aimed to clinically evaluate foot diseases in sheep and goats reared in Siirt province of Türkiye and its surrounding districts. Molecular methods were used to investigate the presence of Dichelobacter nodosus serogroups and Treponema spp. phylogroups in cases with identified lesions. Clinical examination of 4 111 sheep and goats identified foot diseases in 402 animals, affecting a total of 410 feet. Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) and digital dermatitis (DD) cases were identified in 66.82% and 26.82%...

Cryptosporidium parvum screening in young calves with diarrhoea in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

S Abdulqader, A Kaya, H Marif, B Ali, D Ismaeel

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):45-53 | DOI: 10.17221/60/2024-VETMED  

The parasitic protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum causes cryptosporidiosis in young calves, leading to diarrhoea and financial losses in the farming industry. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of C. parvum in preweaning calves suffering from diarrhoea in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Faecal samples were obtained from 80 young calves categorised into various groups according to age, breed, sex, and geographic origin. Notably, a greater occurrence of C. parvum infection was observed in female calves, those in the 5–30 days age...

Claw diseases are the dominant cause of lameness in dairy cows and a risk factor for mastitis

V Hisira, J Zahumenska, M Kadasi, R Klein, P Mudron, F Zigo

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):35-44 | DOI: 10.17221/56/2024-VETMED  

Lameness and mastitis are two of the most economically important issues for the dairy industry. This study aimed to obtain a clearer analysis of the link between mastitis and lameness in dairy cows using the Mastitis Score and detecting the pathogens that predominate in dairy cows’ milk samples with claw diseases. During routine claw trimming, milk samples were collected from dairy cows in two Slovak dairy farms. Out of 558 cows presented for claw trimming, 144 cows (25.8%) exhibited lameness from claw diseases. The most prevalent disease in our study was digital dermatitis (43.1%), followed by toe necrosis (41.7%), and Rusterholz ulcer (15.3%)....

List of volume 69 reviewers

Editorial Department

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):I-II  

Biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin

J Blahova, P Mikula, P Marsalek, Z Svobodova

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):20-29 | DOI: 10.17221/75/2024-VETMED  

The present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp after exposure to the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/l for 4 weeks. The exposure to the highest two concentrations resulted in significant changes in plasma indices such as glucose (only group 100 μg/l), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, creatine kinase (CK), amylase as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Similar trends were found in both groups exposed to the environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., 0.1 and 1 μg/l). In addition, a significant...

Assessment of the accuracy of patient-specific drilling guides for cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae in cats

RC Costa, GG Moraes, RG Ferreira, RB Neto, M Nobile, TASS Rocha, LP Barros, BW Minto, LGGG Dias

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):11-19 | DOI: 10.17221/73/2024-VETMED  

Ten sets of vertebral biomodels and the corresponding drilling guides were created to evaluate the implantation accuracy in the cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae of cats. Smooth pins were implanted using the guides on the right side of five randomly assigned biomodel sets and on the left side of the remaining sets, with the contralateral side undergoing freehand implantation. Subsequently, a new tomographic study was conducted to measure the implantation angles. The pre-implantation angles were compared with the post-implantation angles between the techniques and among the sets. The guide-assisted implantation exhibited...

Successful pregnancy of a Maine Coon queen despite feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia recurrence after treatment with aglepristone

P Socha, P Mossakowski

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):30-34 | DOI: 10.17221/51/2024-VETMED  

One of the disorders of the mammary gland in the queen is feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (FMFH), caused by an increasing concentration of progesterone (P4) and some other local growth factors. It occurs mostly during puberty after the heat characterised by spontaneous or provoked ovulation, as a result of exogenous progesterone intake and sometimes during pregnancy. To diagnose a 14-month-old intact Maine Coon queen with extensive mammary gland hyperplasia, a clinical examination, analyses of the progesterone (P4) concentrations and ultrasound examination were performed. Feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia associated with...

Prevalence, current status, and prevention of dental extractions in dogs: A retrospective study

K Han, Z Piao, C Park, MM Rahman, N Kim

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):1-10 | DOI: 10.17221/40/2024-VETMED  

Dental health has historically received little attention in veterinary medicine, but is becoming more common. This study aimed to report the prevalence of dental extractions in dogs in Seoul, Republic of Korea, describe the current status of dental health and determine any preventive methods. In total, 166 dogs participated in the study, presented to the veterinary hospital with an oral disorder or for a routine check-up were included in the study. Teeth were extracted from 130 dogs (78.32%). A single tooth was extracted from 18 dogs (13.85%), whereas multiple teeth (2–29 teeth) were extracted from 112 dogs (86.15%). Ten teeth were extracted...

Evaluation of urine protein to creatinine ratio in sighthound breeds

S Kovarikova, D Jurujova, K Panykova, J Blahova

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):420-426 | DOI: 10.17221/74/2024-VETMED  

The breed can influence the results of haematological and biochemical blood tests, with sighthounds traditionally mentioned. It may also affect certain urinary parameters. This study aimed to compare urinary protein and creatinine concentrations and their ratio (UPC, urine protein to creatinine ratio) between sighthounds and non-sighthounds and to evaluate these parameters in various sighthound breeds. Urine samples from clinically healthy dogs were collected via normal voiding, representing both sighthound and non-sighthound breeds. The protein and creatinine concentrations in the urine samples were determined, and their ratio was subsequently calculated....

A serological survey of wild boar in Serbia for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

M Ninkovic, J Maksimovic Zoric, D Vojinovic, L Veljovic, N Jezdimirovic, J Kureljusic, J Zutic

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):413-419 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2024-VETMED  

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are causative agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. However, information on the prevalence of these pathogens in wild boars is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in wild boars in Serbia. In this study 253 serum samples from wild boars were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia using the ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence rates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus...