Veterinární medicína - Latest articles
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Antibacterial activity and compositional analysis of Acer truncatum bunge leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus
F Liao, J He
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(5):166-176 | DOI: 10.17221/65/2024-VETMED 
Staphylococcus aureus is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause various diseases in both humans and animals. This experiment evaluates the antibacterial activity of extracts from Acer truncatum leaves against S. aureus, including the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), growth curve, and cell membrane integrity assessment, alongside the identification of the extract components by LC-MS. Results demonstrated that the MIC of the n-butanol extract from the ethanol extract of Acer truncatum leaves against S. aureus was 3.125 mg/ml, with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.25 mg/ml. Over 16 h, the...
Pathogenic bacteria in biogas plants using cattle, swine, and poultry manure
L Cermak, E Pechouckova, M Marounek, T Paulova
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(5):151-155 | DOI: 10.17221/47/2024-VETMED
Fugate, a waste product from biogas production, regularly used in agriculture as a fertiliser, may contain bacterial pathogens that cause zoonoses. Anaerobic digestion (AD) can inactivate viable pathogens, including parasites, viruses, and pathogens containing antibiotic resistance genes. This study aimed to compare the numbers of pathogenic bacteria and diversity of potential bacterial pathogens in the fugate using three different types of slurry: cattle, swine, and poultry manure. The swine fugate showed higher numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter sp. than the poultry and cattle fugate. In the cattle fugate, the lowest...
Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, related risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows in Kosovo
N Mazreku, D Sylejmani, A Robaj
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):117-123 | DOI: 10.17221/102/2024-VETMED
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows in the Republic of Kosovo. The study involved 242 lactating cows from 16 farms. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews, the California mastitis test (CMT), and microbiological analysis. For the detection and identification of bacteria, conventional methods and biochemical tests were used. The disc diffusion method was used to test the susceptibility of isolated bacteria. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) at quarter...
Gastroprotective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of geopropolis produced by Melipona subnitida (Meliponinae, Apidae) in Wistar rats
JS Batista, TS Teofilo, HN Araujo Junior, NS Felix, KAR Paiva, TA Neves, LS Reboucas, GVD Medeiros, KMFM Costa, FAF Xavier Junior, G Negri, A Salatino, CEP Jara
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):134-142 | DOI: 10.17221/98/2024-VETMED
The jandaíra bee (Melipona subnitida) is a species native to northeastern Brazil that produces geopropolis, a mixture of clay and propolis, used in folk medicine. Geopropolis has traditionally been used in folk medicine because of its potential therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. Recent studies have highlighted the rich composition of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, contributing to their pharmacological potential. Despite these findings, the gastroprotective properties of geopropolis and the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored and warrant further...
Allogeneic adipose MSCs and autologous PRP for chronic non-healing wound in a cat
N Suwan, S Jenjittikul, R Tiratrakoonseree, C Jiradanaipat, S Teerawongsuwan, Wi Phathomrapeepong, W Phanwanich, R Rungsiwiwut
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):143-149 | DOI: 10.17221/93/2024-VETMED
Management of chronic non-healing wounds in cats requires a comprehensive approach. This report describes the treatment of a severe open skin wound on the skull using a combined approach involving allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A 12-year-old neutered male mixed-breed domestic cat presented with a non-healing chronic wound on the skull. The wound extended from the orbital to the occipital area and from the left to the right temporal region. Laboratory test results were positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and impaired kidney function. Sensitivity tests revealed resistance to several...
Treatment tactic of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture management: A 28-day comparative analysis of ACP and NSAID induced effects on the serum MMP-3 levels and clinical outcomes
K Raulinaite, R Zelvyte, K Skemiene, I Monkeviciene
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(4):124-133 | DOI: 10.17221/39/2024-VETMED
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) is a common stifle joint pathology among dogs, leading to osteoarthritis and painfulness. Non-surgical treatment options often represent the usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 14 days (NSAIDs), but autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) shows promising results in managing various orthopaedic conditions, decreasing inflammation, and improving the clinical outcome in dogs. This study aimed to determine the differences in MMP-3 serum levels and the clinical outcomes between differently treated cranial cruciate rupture cases. For this purpose, we used two different treatment methods for managing canine...
The use of silver nanoparticles in pigs – An invited review
N Hodkovicova, M Machacek, J Cahova, J Consolacion, A Siwicki, Z Pejsak, M Svoboda
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):77-92 | DOI: 10.17221/101/2024-VETMED
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant interest in veterinary medicine due to their unique properties, including enhanced stability, greater antimicrobial efficacy, and reduced toxicity compared to traditional silver salts. Their applications span various areas of veterinary practice, such as dermatology, wound management, infection prevention, drug delivery, and disinfection. This review explores their use in pigs, highlighting their role as feed additives to prevent diarrhoea, as antibacterial agents in semen extenders, and veterinary dermatology. AgNPs possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and...
Effectiveness of glycerin-oxalic acid strips and essential oils in controlling Varroa destructor in honeybee
PR Hristov, IS Hristakov, AZ Atanasov, PA Zhelyazkov
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):101-109 | DOI: 10.17221/94/2024-VETMED
The decline in the bee colony strength due to high levels of Varroa destructor infestations necessitates the development of new control methods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of glycerin-oxalic acid strips and essential oils in managing Varroa destructor. The experiment was conducted in 2022 at the experimental apiary in Debelec, part of the Institute of Animal Husbandry in Kostinbrod. Six experimental groups, each treated with a different preparation, were compared to a control group of untreated colonies. Treatments included Beevital Hiveclean (20 ml per colony), Varro Red (2 ml per frame), ammonium nitrate strips (1.3 mm),...
Cor triatriatum sinister with partial atrioventricular septal defect in a cat
W Go, W Park, G Hwang, S An, HC Lee, TS Hwang
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):110-115 | DOI: 10.17221/91/2024-VETMED
A 6-year-old female neutered Turkish Angora cat was referred due to tachypnoea. The patient was diagnosed with cardiomegaly at a local hospital during a health screening two years ago. Tachypnoea occurred one year ago. On physical examination, the patient presented with a respiratory rate of 72 breaths per minute and a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg. Thoracic radiographs revealed severe cardiomegaly, left atrium (LA) enlargement, right atrium (RA) enlargement, right ventricular enlargement, and dilation of pulmonary arteries and veins. An alveolar pattern was identified in the right and left cranial lung lobes. Echocardiography revealed a membrane...
Effects of praziquantel on early life stages of Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
J Velisek, A Strouhova, M Sandova, E Zuskova, P Dvorak, A Stara
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(3):93-100 | DOI: 10.17221/85/2024-VETMED
This study aimed to assess the toxicity of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel in the early life stages of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The toxicity was evaluated based on mortality, early ontogeny development, growth, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes and histopathology. Praziquantel at all tested concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 6 mg/l) showed no significant adverse effects on the hatching of grass carp. Concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 mg/l praziquantel caused significantly (P < 0.01) higher mortality and slower growth compared with controls. Praziquantel at concentrations (4 and 6 mg/l) showed a significant...
Prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia infestation in cattle and in broiler chickens in Algeria
R Baazizi, M Taibi, N Senouci, D Baroudi, S Khodja, R Belala, D Khelef, N Mimoune
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):68-76 | DOI: 10.17221/82/2024-VETMED
Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are zoonotic protozoan diseases with significant public health and economic concerns. In Algeria, epidemiological data on these parasites in livestock are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia in dairy calves and broiler chickens and to identify the associated risk factors. A microscopic analysis of 200 faecal samples revealed a Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence of 56% in calves and 60% in broiler chickens, while the Giardia prevalence was 8% in calves and absent in chickens. In cattle, the data showed that age constituted a potential risk...
Clinical and microbiological evaluation of foot diseases in small ruminants in Siirt province (Türkiye) and its districts
A Gulaydin, O Gulaydin, M Yesilyurt, N Sindak, MB Akgul, O Yildrim
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):54-67 | DOI: 10.17221/81/2024-VETMED
Foot diseases are one of the leading health problems that lead to significant yield losses in small ruminant breeding. This study aimed to clinically evaluate foot diseases in sheep and goats reared in Siirt province of Türkiye and its surrounding districts. Molecular methods were used to investigate the presence of Dichelobacter nodosus serogroups and Treponema spp. phylogroups in cases with identified lesions. Clinical examination of 4 111 sheep and goats identified foot diseases in 402 animals, affecting a total of 410 feet. Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) and digital dermatitis (DD) cases were identified in 66.82% and 26.82%...
Cryptosporidium parvum screening in young calves with diarrhoea in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
S Abdulqader, A Kaya, H Marif, B Ali, D Ismaeel
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):45-53 | DOI: 10.17221/60/2024-VETMED
The parasitic protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum causes cryptosporidiosis in young calves, leading to diarrhoea and financial losses in the farming industry. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of C. parvum in preweaning calves suffering from diarrhoea in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Faecal samples were obtained from 80 young calves categorised into various groups according to age, breed, sex, and geographic origin. Notably, a greater occurrence of C. parvum infection was observed in female calves, those in the 5–30 days age...
Claw diseases are the dominant cause of lameness in dairy cows and a risk factor for mastitis
V Hisira, J Zahumenska, M Kadasi, R Klein, P Mudron, F Zigo
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):35-44 | DOI: 10.17221/56/2024-VETMED
Lameness and mastitis are two of the most economically important issues for the dairy industry. This study aimed to obtain a clearer analysis of the link between mastitis and lameness in dairy cows using the Mastitis Score and detecting the pathogens that predominate in dairy cows’ milk samples with claw diseases. During routine claw trimming, milk samples were collected from dairy cows in two Slovak dairy farms. Out of 558 cows presented for claw trimming, 144 cows (25.8%) exhibited lameness from claw diseases. The most prevalent disease in our study was digital dermatitis (43.1%), followed by toe necrosis (41.7%), and Rusterholz ulcer (15.3%)....
List of volume 69 reviewers
Editorial Department
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):I-II
Biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin
J Blahova, P Mikula, P Marsalek, Z Svobodova
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):20-29 | DOI: 10.17221/75/2024-VETMED
The present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp after exposure to the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/l for 4 weeks. The exposure to the highest two concentrations resulted in significant changes in plasma indices such as glucose (only group 100 μg/l), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, creatine kinase (CK), amylase as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Similar trends were found in both groups exposed to the environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., 0.1 and 1 μg/l). In addition, a significant...
Assessment of the accuracy of patient-specific drilling guides for cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae in cats
RC Costa, GG Moraes, RG Ferreira, RB Neto, M Nobile, TASS Rocha, LP Barros, BW Minto, LGGG Dias
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):11-19 | DOI: 10.17221/73/2024-VETMED
Ten sets of vertebral biomodels and the corresponding drilling guides were created to evaluate the implantation accuracy in the cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae of cats. Smooth pins were implanted using the guides on the right side of five randomly assigned biomodel sets and on the left side of the remaining sets, with the contralateral side undergoing freehand implantation. Subsequently, a new tomographic study was conducted to measure the implantation angles. The pre-implantation angles were compared with the post-implantation angles between the techniques and among the sets. The guide-assisted implantation exhibited...
Successful pregnancy of a Maine Coon queen despite feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia recurrence after treatment with aglepristone
P Socha, P Mossakowski
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):30-34 | DOI: 10.17221/51/2024-VETMED
One of the disorders of the mammary gland in the queen is feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (FMFH), caused by an increasing concentration of progesterone (P4) and some other local growth factors. It occurs mostly during puberty after the heat characterised by spontaneous or provoked ovulation, as a result of exogenous progesterone intake and sometimes during pregnancy. To diagnose a 14-month-old intact Maine Coon queen with extensive mammary gland hyperplasia, a clinical examination, analyses of the progesterone (P4) concentrations and ultrasound examination were performed. Feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia associated with...
Prevalence, current status, and prevention of dental extractions in dogs: A retrospective study
K Han, Z Piao, C Park, MM Rahman, N Kim
Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):1-10 | DOI: 10.17221/40/2024-VETMED
Dental health has historically received little attention in veterinary medicine, but is becoming more common. This study aimed to report the prevalence of dental extractions in dogs in Seoul, Republic of Korea, describe the current status of dental health and determine any preventive methods. In total, 166 dogs participated in the study, presented to the veterinary hospital with an oral disorder or for a routine check-up were included in the study. Teeth were extracted from 130 dogs (78.32%). A single tooth was extracted from 18 dogs (13.85%), whereas multiple teeth (2–29 teeth) were extracted from 112 dogs (86.15%). Ten teeth were extracted...
Evaluation of urine protein to creatinine ratio in sighthound breeds
S Kovarikova, D Jurujova, K Panykova, J Blahova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):420-426 | DOI: 10.17221/74/2024-VETMED
The breed can influence the results of haematological and biochemical blood tests, with sighthounds traditionally mentioned. It may also affect certain urinary parameters. This study aimed to compare urinary protein and creatinine concentrations and their ratio (UPC, urine protein to creatinine ratio) between sighthounds and non-sighthounds and to evaluate these parameters in various sighthound breeds. Urine samples from clinically healthy dogs were collected via normal voiding, representing both sighthound and non-sighthound breeds. The protein and creatinine concentrations in the urine samples were determined, and their ratio was subsequently calculated....
A serological survey of wild boar in Serbia for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
M Ninkovic, J Maksimovic Zoric, D Vojinovic, L Veljovic, N Jezdimirovic, J Kureljusic, J Zutic
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):413-419 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2024-VETMED
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are causative agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. However, information on the prevalence of these pathogens in wild boars is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in wild boars in Serbia. In this study 253 serum samples from wild boars were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia using the ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence rates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus...
Molecular detection of Enterobacter hormaechei in bovine respiratory disease
HAJ Gharban
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):403-412 | DOI: 10.17221/54/2024-VETMED
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) develops from complex interactions among environmental, host and pathogenic factors. This study aimed to phenotypically identify Enterobacter hormaechei isolated from cattle with BRD and assess antimicrobial susceptibility and determining the molecular phylogeny of local E. hormaechei strains. Between November 2023 and March 2024, nasal swabs were collected from 93 cattle with BRD, before culturing for phenotypic analysis, and performing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular characterisation. Of the 93 samples evaluated, 15.79% and 24.56% tested positive for E. hormaechei isolates on culture...
Accuracy and reliability of tibial torsion measurement using radiography and ultrasound in dogs
M Jeong, K Kwack, J Kim, Y Yu, S Heo
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):427-436 | DOI: 10.17221/50/2024-VETMED
Tibial torsion assessment is crucial for understanding deformities and malalignments that can lead to joint pathologies in dogs. Different methods such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendering techniques have been employed to measure tibial torsion. This study compared the accuracy and reliability of tibial torsion angle (TTa) measurements obtained using radiography and ultrasound tilting techniques against those obtained using the 3D volume-rendering method in small-to-medium-sized non-chondrodystrophic dogs. Seven dogs with 11 hind limbs were included in this study. Descriptive statistics revealed mean...
Erratum: The effects of Pycnogenol, a pine bark extract on pulmonary inflammation by Asian sand dust in mice
SH Kim, IS Shin
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):401 | DOI: 10.17221/97/2024-VETMED
The beauty of the beast: Suggestions to curb the excesses of dog breeding and restore animal welfare – Invited review
C Diederich
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):369-380 | DOI: 10.17221/62/2024-VETMED
Dog. Specifically created to save its master’s life. – (The dog is the ideal) Friend of man, (because it is his devoted slave) (source: Gustave Flaubert, Dictionnaire des Idées Reçues). But is man the best friend of the dog? This question is legitimate when we consider living situations to which modern domestic dogs are exposed. They often do not satisfy basic animal needs. In this narrative review, the author revisits the history of the dog’s presence alongside humans, in the light of current knowledge. The modern dog (breed standards and their interests in canine research) and its breeding strategy, including extreme...
Robinia pseudoacacia poisoning in two horses: A case report
T Novotna, E Samonilova, J Klan, L Frgelecova, A Mala, Z Svobodova, Z Drabkova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):395-400 | DOI: 10.17221/55/2024-VETMED
This case report describes the poisoning of two mares from the same paddock with Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) bark. The poisoning manifested itself by the sudden onset of weakness and fever with transient improvement after the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and fluids. After the initial stabilisation, the mares were left unattended overnight. One of them was found dead in the morning. The surviving mare developed colic and severe encephalopathy and had to be referred to the clinic. Blood tests revealed severe hyperammonaemia. After four days of symptomatic treatment, she fully recovered. Robinia pseudoacacia...
A study on the measurement of the reference range of the whole blood viscosity in Thoroughbred horses
Y Ha, K Yi, C Park, G Kim, D Choi, J Lee, N Kim
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):381-388 | DOI: 10.17221/24/2024-VETMED
This study aimed to measure the whole blood viscosity (WBV) in racehorses using a new viscometer and establish reference values, as well as to investigate the correlation between the WBV and the haematological parameters and serum chemistry. WBV measurements were conducted on 51 Thoroughbred horses using a novel U-shaped scanning capillary-tube viscometer. The reference values for the WBV were determined at various shear rates ranging from 1 s–1 to 1 000 s–1. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the correlation between the WBV and the haematological and serum chemistry parameters. The findings provide...
A novel pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolated from a sick racing pigeon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China shows high virulence in chickens
L Tong, X Gao, L Feng, D Yao, X Zhang, Y Du, Y Zhou, F Chen
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):389-394 | DOI: 10.17221/15/2024-VETMED
Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is the causative agent of pigeon Newcastle disease (ND), which has caused huge losses to the pigeon industry. In this study, a PPMV-1 strain, PPMV-1/QH-01/CH/23, was isolated from a sick racing pigeon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China in 2023. The mean death time of chicken embryos and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) were 76.8 h and 1.25, indicating a mesogenic strain. Pigeon morbidity and mortality were 100% and 80%, respectively, and both were 80% in chickens; therefore, this isolate was velogenic for both pigeons and chickens. The fusion gene was amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis,...
Evaluation of coagulation by thromboelastography and a velocity curve in dogs with parvoviral enteritis
O Eralp Inan, P Levent, A Saril, L Hamabe, M Kocaturk, Z Yilmaz
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):345-354 | DOI: 10.17221/49/2024-VETMED
Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) has a high mortality rate in untreated dogs due to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. The inflammatory process can lead to coagulation abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the coagulation status using thromboelastography (TEG) and assess the thrombin generation (TG) and clot dissolution using TEG-derived velocity curve (v-curve) parameters in dogs with CPE. It included 21 dogs with CPE and five healthy dogs. In addition to the clinico-haemato-biochemical examinations, the coagulation status was analysed using citrated venous blood samples with TEG. All the dogs with CPE met at least two criteria...
An unusual finding of schwannoma in the mammary gland of a dog
M Makovicka, P Bolgac, K Kajo, P Makovicky, P Svorc
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):362-368 | DOI: 10.17221/41/2024-VETMED
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs) are rare in the mammary glands of dogs. Here, we report a case of a schwannoma, composed of two parts, of the mammary gland of a dog. The first part consists of clusters of uncircumscribed, alternating, more concentrated and looser regions. In the more concentrated parts, typical fascicularly arranged schwannoma intermingle in plexiform arrangement, more subtle in appearance than in neuronal tumour areas. The second part undergoes regression consisting predominantly of residual shorter rosettes of cells with the presence of a peculiar variably sized swirling of target-like formations consisting of compact, thicker,...