Veterinární medicína - Latest articles
Results 61 to 90 of 108:
Molecular detection of Enterobacter hormaechei in bovine respiratory disease
HAJ Gharban
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):403-412 | DOI: 10.17221/54/2024-VETMED 
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) develops from complex interactions among environmental, host and pathogenic factors. This study aimed to phenotypically identify Enterobacter hormaechei isolated from cattle with BRD and assess antimicrobial susceptibility and determining the molecular phylogeny of local E. hormaechei strains. Between November 2023 and March 2024, nasal swabs were collected from 93 cattle with BRD, before culturing for phenotypic analysis, and performing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular characterisation. Of the 93 samples evaluated, 15.79% and 24.56% tested positive for E. hormaechei isolates on culture...
Accuracy and reliability of tibial torsion measurement using radiography and ultrasound in dogs
M Jeong, K Kwack, J Kim, Y Yu, S Heo
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):427-436 | DOI: 10.17221/50/2024-VETMED
Tibial torsion assessment is crucial for understanding deformities and malalignments that can lead to joint pathologies in dogs. Different methods such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendering techniques have been employed to measure tibial torsion. This study compared the accuracy and reliability of tibial torsion angle (TTa) measurements obtained using radiography and ultrasound tilting techniques against those obtained using the 3D volume-rendering method in small-to-medium-sized non-chondrodystrophic dogs. Seven dogs with 11 hind limbs were included in this study. Descriptive statistics revealed mean...
Erratum: The effects of Pycnogenol, a pine bark extract on pulmonary inflammation by Asian sand dust in mice
SH Kim, IS Shin
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):401 | DOI: 10.17221/97/2024-VETMED
The beauty of the beast: Suggestions to curb the excesses of dog breeding and restore animal welfare – Invited review
C Diederich
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):369-380 | DOI: 10.17221/62/2024-VETMED
Dog. Specifically created to save its master’s life. – (The dog is the ideal) Friend of man, (because it is his devoted slave) (source: Gustave Flaubert, Dictionnaire des Idées Reçues). But is man the best friend of the dog? This question is legitimate when we consider living situations to which modern domestic dogs are exposed. They often do not satisfy basic animal needs. In this narrative review, the author revisits the history of the dog’s presence alongside humans, in the light of current knowledge. The modern dog (breed standards and their interests in canine research) and its breeding strategy, including extreme...
Robinia pseudoacacia poisoning in two horses: A case report
T Novotna, E Samonilova, J Klan, L Frgelecova, A Mala, Z Svobodova, Z Drabkova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):395-400 | DOI: 10.17221/55/2024-VETMED
This case report describes the poisoning of two mares from the same paddock with Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) bark. The poisoning manifested itself by the sudden onset of weakness and fever with transient improvement after the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and fluids. After the initial stabilisation, the mares were left unattended overnight. One of them was found dead in the morning. The surviving mare developed colic and severe encephalopathy and had to be referred to the clinic. Blood tests revealed severe hyperammonaemia. After four days of symptomatic treatment, she fully recovered. Robinia pseudoacacia...
A study on the measurement of the reference range of the whole blood viscosity in Thoroughbred horses
Y Ha, K Yi, C Park, G Kim, D Choi, J Lee, N Kim
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):381-388 | DOI: 10.17221/24/2024-VETMED
This study aimed to measure the whole blood viscosity (WBV) in racehorses using a new viscometer and establish reference values, as well as to investigate the correlation between the WBV and the haematological parameters and serum chemistry. WBV measurements were conducted on 51 Thoroughbred horses using a novel U-shaped scanning capillary-tube viscometer. The reference values for the WBV were determined at various shear rates ranging from 1 s–1 to 1 000 s–1. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the correlation between the WBV and the haematological and serum chemistry parameters. The findings provide...
A novel pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolated from a sick racing pigeon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China shows high virulence in chickens
L Tong, X Gao, L Feng, D Yao, X Zhang, Y Du, Y Zhou, F Chen
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):389-394 | DOI: 10.17221/15/2024-VETMED
Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is the causative agent of pigeon Newcastle disease (ND), which has caused huge losses to the pigeon industry. In this study, a PPMV-1 strain, PPMV-1/QH-01/CH/23, was isolated from a sick racing pigeon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China in 2023. The mean death time of chicken embryos and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) were 76.8 h and 1.25, indicating a mesogenic strain. Pigeon morbidity and mortality were 100% and 80%, respectively, and both were 80% in chickens; therefore, this isolate was velogenic for both pigeons and chickens. The fusion gene was amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis,...
Evaluation of coagulation by thromboelastography and a velocity curve in dogs with parvoviral enteritis
O Eralp Inan, P Levent, A Saril, L Hamabe, M Kocaturk, Z Yilmaz
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):345-354 | DOI: 10.17221/49/2024-VETMED
Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) has a high mortality rate in untreated dogs due to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. The inflammatory process can lead to coagulation abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the coagulation status using thromboelastography (TEG) and assess the thrombin generation (TG) and clot dissolution using TEG-derived velocity curve (v-curve) parameters in dogs with CPE. It included 21 dogs with CPE and five healthy dogs. In addition to the clinico-haemato-biochemical examinations, the coagulation status was analysed using citrated venous blood samples with TEG. All the dogs with CPE met at least two criteria...
An unusual finding of schwannoma in the mammary gland of a dog
M Makovicka, P Bolgac, K Kajo, P Makovicky, P Svorc
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):362-368 | DOI: 10.17221/41/2024-VETMED
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs) are rare in the mammary glands of dogs. Here, we report a case of a schwannoma, composed of two parts, of the mammary gland of a dog. The first part consists of clusters of uncircumscribed, alternating, more concentrated and looser regions. In the more concentrated parts, typical fascicularly arranged schwannoma intermingle in plexiform arrangement, more subtle in appearance than in neuronal tumour areas. The second part undergoes regression consisting predominantly of residual shorter rosettes of cells with the presence of a peculiar variably sized swirling of target-like formations consisting of compact, thicker,...
N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in clinically healthy German Shepherd dogs and dogs with early stages of chronic kidney disease
N Marecakova, J Kacirova, C Tothova, A Madari, M Madar, M Kuricova, S Hornak
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):337-344 | DOI: 10.17221/34/2024-VETMED
Urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity is associated with kidney disease. In our study, we focused on evaluating the ratio of NAG to the urinary creatinine concentration (NAG/Cr) in the German Shepherd breed. Sixty-two healthy dogs and thirteen dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were examined. The healthy dogs were divided into groups based on their sex and age (puppies and adolescent dogs under 2 years, adult dogs from 2 to 6 years and seniors over 6 years), while the dogs with CKD were divided based on the disease stage (CKD stage 1 and 2). No significant difference was detected between the males and females. Regarding...
Evaluation of CTX-I, CTX-II, TIMP-I, MMP-9 and PIICP in the population of working German Shepherd dogs in Slovakia
S Maresova, T Liptak, A Madari, P Zeleznik, C Tothova, M Kuricova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):355-361 | DOI: 10.17221/127/2023-VETMED
The aim of this study was to determine the reference values of cartilage damage biomarkers in the blood and urine in 76 clinically healthy German Shepherd dogs. We grouped the dogs into 4 groups by age. All the groups were consistently made up of 19 dogs. The mean age and average body weight were established for all the dog groups. The blood was collected from the vena cephalica antebrachii or the vena saphena medialis and the urine sample was taken by us-guided cystocenthesis. The biomarkers were determined using quantitative sandwich ELISA kits. The mean values of the biomarkers ± SD were, for the urine biomarkers, CTX-I 3.29 ±...
A multi-year study monitoring the cadmium content in the tissues of lambs and sheep sampled in the Czech Republic between 2001 and 2022
Z Svobodova, J Drapal, V Vlasakova, D Harustiakova, J Illek, M Svoboda
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):314-320 | DOI: 10.17221/45/2024-VETMED
Cadmium is one of the most important environmental contaminants. Animals grazing on natural pastures are particularly exposed to cadmium. Sheep are mostly reared in extensive and grazing systems. Therefore, sheep may accumulate larger amounts of cadmium compared to other ruminant species and are a good indicator of exposure to cadmium contamination in a given area. The determination of cadmium concentrations in the muscles, livers and kidneys of lambs and sheep was carried out in the Czech Republic during the period 2001–2022. The average cadmium content in the livers and kidneys of all the lambs was 0.037 ± 0.006 and 0.061 ± 0.013 mg.kg–1,...
Senecio ovatus poisoning in a horse – A case report
A Kopecka, T Novotna, Z Svobodova, Z Drabkova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):329-336 | DOI: 10.17221/37/2024-VETMED
This study describes a case of poisoning by pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a horse. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of Senecio ovatus poisoning. A six-year-old 450-kg Irish cob mare was presented to the Equine Clinic of the University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (Czechia) with symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy, which progressively worsened with time despite intensive therapy and led to euthanasia. A complex diagnostic and therapeutic approach including the post-mortem patoanatomical and histopathological examination is described here. Regarding the histopathology of the liver, there was necrosis with...
Does a relation between bone histomorphometry and fractures exist? The case of the equine radius and tibia
M Zedda, R Babosova, S Gadau, G Lepore, S Succu, V Farina
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):307-313 | DOI: 10.17221/18/2024-VETMED
Fractures of long bones in limbs are rare traumatic events in horses. This study investigates whether the incidence and types of fractures can be related to the histomorphometric features of the radius and tibia, which experience different biomechanical stresses and exhibit varying incidences and types of fractures. Clinical observations suggest that, in adults, slightly transverse and comminuted fractures are present in the radius, while the tibia shows a higher frequency of longitudinal and spiral fractures. Microscopic observations reveal no apparent distinctive characteristics between the radius and tibia, whereas the histomorphometric data highlight...
Molecular detection and characterisation of Mycoplasma species in community owned dogs of Kerala, a South Indian State
GS Kumar, A Varghese, PK Hembram, KGA Kumar, CK Deepa, A Varghese, R Ravindran
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):321-328 | DOI: 10.17221/116/2023-VETMED
Haemotropic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are obligate epierythrocytic bacteria that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma organisms in dogs has not previously been attempted from India. Hence, in the present study, the molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma spp. in dogs of different zones of Kerala was attempted using 16S rRNA gene. An overall prevalence of 18% for M. haemocanis was detected. The NCBI-BLAST analysis of all the selected sequences revealed > 99% identity with the sequences of M. haemocanis. The phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of M. haemocanis...
Probiotic bacteria of wild boar origin intended for piglets – An in vitro study
I Kostovova, K Kavanova, M Moravkova, J Gebauer, L Leva, M Vícenova, V Babak, M Faldyna, M Crhanova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):281-296 | DOI: 10.17221/35/2024-VETMED
Using probiotics represents a potential solution to post-weaning diarrheal diseases in piglets on commercial farms. The gastrointestinal tract of wild boars serves as a promising reservoir of novel lactic acid bacteria with suitable probiotic characteristics. In this study, we isolated eight bacterial strains from the intestinal content of wild boars identified as representatives of the species Bifidobacterium apri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius. These isolates underwent in vitro analysis and characterisation to assess their biological safety and probiotic properties. Analysis of their full genome...
Comparison of two methods of measuring the urinary protein concentration for the determination of the urinary protein to creatinine ratio in various animal species
S Kovarikova, J Blahova, I Vanova, P Marsalek
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):273-280 | DOI: 10.17221/30/2024-VETMED
Determination of the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) is an important tool in the quantification of proteinuria in animals. However, the result may be affected by the different methods of determining the urinary protein concentration. The aim of this study was to compare the turbidimetric method using benzethonium chloride and the colorimetric method using pyrogallol red in the measurement of the urinary protein concentration in dogs, cats, guinea pigs and horses. A total of 464, 192, 216 and 119 urine samples from dogs, cats, guinea pigs and horses were examined in the study, respectively. The group consisted of animals of both sexes and...
Therapeutic potential of cannabis for surgical wound healing in rats
GD Akarsu, R Hobek Akarsu
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):297-306 | DOI: 10.17221/21/2024-VETMED
This study was conducted to evaluate the wound-healing activities of a Cannabis sativa L. plant extract and cannabidiol on incision wounds. An incision was created and sutured in rats under anaesthesia. Routine wound care procedures were applied for 10 days, followed by histological wound examinations. The cellular bioactivities of the hemp extract and CBD were assessed for MCP-1, EGF, BFGF, IL-8, and COL-1 using ELISA on the rat skin wound healing activity. A one-way ANOVA was used for the data analysis. The EGF values in the plasma were similar in the povidone-iodine, hemp seed oil, and hemp essential oil groups (P > 0.05)....
Non-surgical pain management for hip joint disease in veterinary medicine
J Toholova, S Hornak, M Kuricova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):261-272 | DOI: 10.17221/19/2024-VETMED
The most common orthopaedic developmental disease in dogs is hip dysplasia. This condition results in coxofemoral laxity due to incongruity and lack of stabilisation of the joint by the soft tissues. Currently, there is no therapeutic plan to correct hip dysplasia without surgical intervention at a very early age. The goal of the non-surgical treatment is to relieve pain and stiffness and to increase the muscle strength, usually through hydrotherapy and the beneficial physical properties of water. Recently, there has been growing interest in regenerative medicine, which involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their products to alleviate...
Isolation of aerobic bacteria from surgical site infections following orthopaedic operations in cats and dogs
A Gulaydin, O Gulaydin, MB Akgul
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(7):243-253 | DOI: 10.17221/26/2024-VETMED
Surgical site infections (SSIs) cause significant complications in the postoperative period in veterinary surgeries. Determining the aetiology of infections is crucial for increasing treatment success rates. This study aims to assess treatment processes by identifying the bacterial agents responsible for infections occurring in cats and dogs after orthopaedic operations and to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of these agents. Strains isolated from SSIs were retrospectively analysed in patients brought to the Surgical Clinic of Siirt University Animal Health Application and Research Hospital between 2021 and 2023. The isolates were identified...
Melanocytic cutaneous lesions in Sus ibericus, are these a cause for meat condemnation?
J Castanho, J Catarino, L Pedroso, A Alvarado, S Ramos
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(7):254-259 | DOI: 10.17221/5/2024-VETMED
The Alentejano pig (Sus ibericus) is an autochthonous breed of swine from Portugal phylogenetically close to the Iberian breed that is known to develop melanocytic lesions. In this study, 34 melanocytic skin lesions were identified and collected from Alentejano pigs slaughtered for human consumption for further routine histologic assessment. The samples were classified into 4 age ranges: 1 (1 to 6 months), 2 (7 to 12 months) 3 (13 to 24 months), and 4 (more than 25 months). All the lesions were considered benign after the histopathological assessment, of which 52.9% and 47.1%, were classified as melanosis and melanocytomas, respectively. Regarding...
Comprehensive comparative study of Chiari-like malformation in veterinary and human medicine
JH Jung, H Park, WS Kim, HY Yoon
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(7):217-233 | DOI: 10.17221/125/2023-VETMED
This review aims to enrich our understanding of Chiari-like malformation (CLM) by combining human and veterinary insights, and providing a detailed cross-species overview. CLM is a developmental abnormality characterised by caudal displacement of the hindbrain into the foramen magnum due to an entire brain parenchymal shift caused by insufficient skull volume. This malformation leads to a progressive obstruction at the craniocervical junction, which disrupts the normal cerebrospinal fluid flow, leading to secondary syringomyelia. The clinical signs of CLM and syringomyelia include phantom scratching, head tilt, head tremor, ataxia, tetraparesis, pain,...
A novel quantitative real-time PCR with the GAPDH reference gene for peste des petits ruminants
Y Shi, D Han, J Li, L Ye, X Ji, F Nie, Z Song, C Chen, J Ai, J Xin
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(7):234-242 | DOI: 10.17221/123/2023-VETMED
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a serious acute, highly contagious disease caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). This study aims to establish a qRT-PCR assay with an internal amplification control for the rapid and accurate detection of PPRV. The primers and probes for PPRV N were based on the national standard of the diagnostic techniques for PPR of China, and a pair of primers and TaqMan probes for the internal reference gene of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was designed. Optimisation of the reaction conditions, specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility tests, and clinical sample detection...
Porcine model of a complicated skin and soft tissue infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B Lipovy, L Vacek, D Polastik Kleknerova, E Jeklova, L Liskova, J Holoubek, D Matyskova, F Ruzicka
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(6):191-197 | DOI: 10.17221/25/2024-VETMED
Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant threat to both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, often resulting in life-threatening infections. With increasing antimicrobial resistance, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Although animal models are crucial for preclinical studies, limited data are available for porcine models, more specifically for P. aeruginosa complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs). This study presents a novel porcine model inducing and sustaining cSSTI for 14 days. Six pigs (120 wounds) were used for the development of infections, and within this group, two pigs (40 wounds)...
Spontaneous tumours in dogs: A clinical and pathomorphological study in Kyrgyzstan
S Ishenbaeva, R Nurgaziev, U Tynaliev, U Shergaziev, A Irgashev
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(6):198-206 | DOI: 10.17221/16/2024-VETMED
The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the incidence of spontaneous tumours of various origins and the localisation in dogs with sex, breed, and age factors. A total of 360 tumours with various localisation were studied pathomorphologically. Histopathologic data sets from 360 dog tissue samples were processed and statistically examined. A chi-square test of independence was conducted to examine the relationships among the various levels of the specified variables. Logistic regression models were employed for dichotomous outcomes to ascertain the influence of certain explanatory variables on the tumour types. Characteristic...
Evaluation of the hoof’s temperature variations depending on lesion presence, measurement points and leg position
T Bobic, P Mijic, M Gregic, V Gantner
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(6):185-190 | DOI: 10.17221/8/2024-VETMED
In order to determine the possibility of using infrared thermography (IRT) in preventing lameness in dairy cows, the aim of this study was to evaluate temperature variations depending on the lesion presence, measurement points and leg position. The study used about 3 000 IRT records from 60 Holstein cows housed in a free-stall barn. Surface temperature measurements were taken at two regions of the hooves: the region of the coronary band, and the region of the skin up to 2 cm above the coronary band. A highly significant (P = 0.004; 0.006, P < 0.01) difference in temperature was observed between healthy and diseased legs at both measurement...
A natural approach to combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens in livestock: Hibiscus sabdariffa-derived hibiscus acid as a promising solution
E Rangel-Vargas, CA Gomez-Aldapa, RN Falfan-Cortes, FA Guzman-Ortiz, JC Rosas
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(6):207-216 | DOI: 10.17221/105/2023-VETMED
We examined the antibacterial efficacy of streptomycin, hibiscus acid, and their combination against multidrug-resistant Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella Typhimurium in mice. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for streptomycin, hibiscus acid, and their combination against STEC and Salmonella. Fifteen sets of six mice in each set were utilised: six groups were orally exposed to 4 log10 colony forming units (CFUs) of S. Typhimurium and another six to STEC, and three acted as the controls. Six hours post-inoculation,...
Non-invasive methods for analysing pig welfare biomarkers
M Svoboda, M Nemeckova, D Medkova, L Sardi, N Hodkovicova
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(5):137-155 | DOI: 10.17221/17/2024-VETMED
At present, the assessment of pig welfare quality has gained significant importance, prompting the exploration of novel biomarkers for this purpose. Traditionally, these biomarkers have been monitored in the blood; however, blood sampling is considered an invasive procedure. Currently, non-invasive methods for collecting samples are emerging as viable alternatives for assessing these biomarkers. This article aims to present the current knowledge regarding the use of non-invasive methods for analysing pig welfare biomarkers, specifically focusing on the saliva, hair, faeces, and urine as matrices to determine these biomarkers. The saliva analysis encompasses...
Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia in two cats: Serial ultrasonographic and computed tomography findings
D Noh, H Jo, H Shin, SW Lee, S Choi, K Lee
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(5):177-183 | DOI: 10.17221/2/2024-VETMED
A 6-month-old Ragdoll and 9-year-old Russian Blue cat presented with vomiting. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a pyloric antrum mass with wall layering loss and regional lymphadenopathy in the Ragdoll kitten. The Russian Blue cat only presented with muscularis layer thickening throughout the jejunum; however, despite medications, it later progressed to a mass with wall layering loss on the serial ultrasound. Both cats underwent surgery, and feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF) was histologically confirmed. FGESF should be considered for gastrointestinal masses demonstrating wall layering loss and...
Limosilactobacillus reuteri L26 BiocenolTM and its exopolysaccharide: Their influence on rotavirus-induced immune molecules in enterocyte-like cells
P Schusterova, D Mudronová, K Loziakova Penazziova, V Hajducková, T Csank
Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(5):169-176 | DOI: 10.17221/106/2023-VETMED
This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri L26 BiocenolTM (L26) and its purified exopolysaccharide (EPS) with respect to antiviral innate immune response. In our experiment, we used porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells as a model of the intestinal barrier in a homologous infection by porcine Rotavirus A strain OSU6 (RVA). The production of selected molecules of non-specific humoral immunity was evaluated at the mRNA level. The EPS alone significantly increased the level of interferon λ3 (IFN-λ3) mRNA in the non-infected IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.001)....